How To Write Project or Paper Proposal

1. How To Write Project or Paper Proposal

2. Outline : Paper Section : -Choose a Topic - Item proposal. -Find Information - Make an outline -Organize your Note -Write the First Draft -Revise outlines and draft -Type the Final Paper Proposal Section: - What the proposal should have . -Mistakes in writing Proposal. -Conclusion

3. Choose a Topic - It must relate to the session topic. - Choose a topic that interests and challenges you.

4. Find Information -Specify the Minimum Requirement : . Include ten reference referenced that published in the last few years. . Include articles from different journals. . Include only references that mentioned in the text.

5. Make an outline Introduction * Clearly state thesis and purpose of paper. **Briefly explain the main points and why they are important Body * Contain the basic idea you want to talk about in your paper. Conclusion *Restate your thesis. **Summarize your arguments. ***Explain why you have come to this conclusion

6. Organize your Note You have Information- Analyze and sort the gathered - Devise a method to organize your notes - Do not include irrelevant information or material you do not understand - Avoid overuse of quotes (blocks)

7. Write the First Draft - Use your outline to organize material - Find a technique that works for you - Properly cite using APA

8. Revise outlines and draft * Use the grade sheet as a checklist - Clear introduction? - Orderly presentation of ideas? - Use of supporting evidence? - Thoughtful conclusion/discussion? - Correct writing style? - Proper manuscript preparation? - Correct reference citations? - Proper use of quotations? - Use of precision, clarity and language? - Proper spelling, punctuation, and grammar?

9. Type the Final Paper - Re-read assignment for expectations - Proof and read paper carefully - Check for plagiarism

10. proposal should have the following 1.Title page 2.Abstract 3.Table of contents 4.Introduction 5.Thesis statement 6.Approach/methods 7.Preliminary results and discussion 8.Work plan including time table 9.Implications of research 10.List of references

11. Title page *contains short, descriptive title of the proposed thesis project  (should be fairly self-explanatory) *and author, institution, department, research mentor, mentor's institution, and date of delivery

12. Abstract *the abstract is a brief summary of your thesis proposal *its length should not exceed ~200 words *present a brief introduction to the issue *make the key statement of your thesis *give a summary of how you want to address the issue *include a possible implication of your work, if successfully completed

13. Table of contents list all headings and subheadings with page numbers indent subheadings

14. Introduction *this section sets the context for your proposed project and must capture the reader's interest *explain the background of your study starting from a broad picture narrowing in on your research question *review what is known about your research topic as far as it is relevant to your thesis cite relevant references *the introduction should be at a level that makes it easy to understand for readers with a general science background, for example your classmates

15. Thesis statement *in a couple of sentences, state your thesis *this statement can take the form of a hypothesis, research question, project statement, or goal statement *the thesis statement should capture the essence of your intended project and also help to put boundaries around it

16. Approach/methods *this section contains an overall description of your *approach,  materials, and procedures *what methods will be used? *how will data be collected and analyzed? *what materials will be used? *Include calculations, technique, procedure, equipment, and calibration graphs *detail limitations, assumptions, and range of validity *citations should be limited to data sources and more complete descriptions of procedures *do not include results and discussion of results here

17. Preliminary results and discussion *present any results you already have obtained *discuss how they fit in the framework of your thesis

18. Work plan including time table *describe in detail what you plan to do until completion of your senior thesis project *list the stages of your project in a table format *indicate deadlines you have set for completing each stage of the project, including any work you have already completed *discuss any particular challenges that need to be overcome

19. Implications of Research *what new knowledge will the proposed project produce that we do not already know? *why is it worth knowing, what are the major implications?

20. Common Mistakes in Proposal Writing 1-Failure to provide the proper context to frame the research question. 2-Failure to delimit the boundary conditions for your research. 3-Failure to cite landmark studies. 4-Failure to accurately present the theoretical and empirical contributions by other researchers. 5-Failure to stay focused on the research question. 6-Failure to develop a coherent and persuasive argument for the proposed research.

21. Continue…… 7-Too much detail on minor issues, but not enough detail on major issues. 8-Too much rambling -- going "all over the map" without a clear sense of direction. (The best proposals move forward with ease and grace like a seamless river.) 9-Too many citation lapses and incorrect references. 10-Too long or too short. 11-Failing to follow the APA style. 12-Slopping writing.

22. Conclusion if you want to make something professional , you must follow series of steps , the same is applied here for writing a paper.

23. Any Question !