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TROPICAL CLIMATES

TROPICAL CLIMATES. Done By: Brendon Koh (12) Lorcan (20) Matthew Ng (21) Yong Gene (24). Location. Region surrounding the Earth’s equator Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

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TROPICAL CLIMATES

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  1. TROPICAL CLIMATES Done By: Brendon Koh (12) Lorcan (20) Matthew Ng (21) Yong Gene (24)

  2. Location • Region surrounding the Earth’s equator • Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn • Brazil, Australia, Chile, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Thailand, Singapore etc. (100 in total)

  3. Abbreviations: Af - Tropical Rainforest Climate Am - Tropical Monsoon Climate Aw - Tropical Savanna Climate

  4. Characteristics of Tropical Climates • Usually occur 5-10o latitude of the equator, but can extend up to 25o away from the equator in some eastern-coast areas • Non-arid climate with temperatures of at least 18oC • Tropical storms and cyclones can occur • Three types of tropical climates • Tropical Rainforest Climate • Tropical Monsoon Climate • Tropical Savanna Climate

  5. Tropical Rainforest Climates • All 12 months with average precipitation of at least 60mm • Usually occur within 5-10o latitude of the equator, though in some eastern-coastal areas, they may extend up to 25o away from the equator • No natural seasons, dominated by Doldrums Low Pressure System all year round • Examples: • Philippines (Cebu), Singapore, Malaysia (Kuching)

  6. Abbreviations: Af - Tropical Rainforest Climate

  7. Tropical sunset in Kota Kinabalu(Tropical Rainforest)

  8. Tropical Monsoon Climates • Results from monsoon winds that changes directions according to the seasons • The climate has a driest month with rainfall less than 60mm, but more than (100 - total annual precipitation(mm)/25) • Examples: • Cairns, Queensland, Australia • Miami, Florida, United States • Chittagong, Bangladesh • Abidjan, Ivory Coast • Macapa, Brazil

  9. Abbreviations: Am - Tropical Monsoon Climate

  10. Tropical Savanna Climates • Generally have a pronounced dry season, with the driest month having a precipitation of less than 60mm and also less than (100 - total annual precipitation(mm)/25) • Features distinct wet and dry seasons of relatively equal durations • Examples: • Mumbai, Maharashtra, India • Jakarta, Indonesia • Cartagena, Columbia • Rio De Janeirio, Brazil

  11. Savannas in Tanzania (Tropical Savanna)

  12. Abbreviations: Aw - Tropical Savanna Climate

  13. Adaptations • Housing: • White in colour to minimise heat gain as less sunlight is absorbed while more is reflected • Energy Recovery Ventilation used to reduce the humidity load of ventilation on the mechanical dehumidification system • heat pump hot water heaters also act to cool and condense interior humidity (where it can be dumped into drains ) and dump the heat into the hot water tank

  14. Adaptations: • Animals: • Caimans, turtles and anacondas can swim and cope with a lot of rainfall in the tropical climate • Nocturnal to avoid high temperature of the day and the competition from diurnal animals such as bats • Keen sense of hearing/sight to capture prey and protect themselves • Colour: Able to camouflage with surroundings to avoid capture from predators • The toucan has a long large beak to reach fruits in branches. • Elephant has large ears to keep cool by increased exposed surface area of circulation to lose heat to cooler atmosphere of environment.

  15. Adaptations Plants: • Some plants grow on other plants/climb to reach sunlight for photosynthesis • Some plants have stilt roots to hold up plants in shallow soil. • Some plants collect rainwater into a central reservoir for use. • Fine thin leaves to reduce transpiration/water loss to the environment • Spikes and thorns to deter predators • Drip Tips and waxy surfaces allow water to run off easily in order to discourage growth of bacteria and fungi

  16. Human Activities in Tropical Climate Human Activities: • Farming/Crop Growing • Gardening • Photography Horti-culture (What kind of crops are suitable to grow in these areas) 1. Papaya 2. Rubber Tree 3. Coconut 4. Banana 5. Palms (Oil)

  17. Adaptations Agriculture: 1. Cassava 2. Maize 3. Corn 4. Sorghum 5. Barley 6. Taro 7. Sweet Potato 8. Millet 9. Cowpea 10. Yam 11. Tobacco 12. Sugarcane 13. Beans 14. Chickpea 15. Tea 16. Coffee 17. Cocoa (chocalate)

  18. Specific Examples Singapore: • High temperature (Average 27.5 Degrees Celsius) • High humidity ( 84.2% Humidity) • Annual Rainfall of 2343mm Jakarta:: • High temperature (Average 27.6 Degrees Celsius) • High Humidity (81% Humidity) • Annual Rainfall of 1855mm

  19. Temperature & Rainfall Graph of Singapore

  20. Some Interesting Facts • Tropical regions are located in South America, Australia, New Zealand and Japan. • Non-arid climate with an average temperature above 18°C. • Temperature during the day usually ascends above 35°C. • Covered by clouds in the night, resulting in a temperature drop to ~ 22°C • Tropical areas cover 6-7% of Earth’s surface.

  21. Some Interesting Facts #2 • Rainforests in tropical regions are full of dangerous creatures like poisonous snakes. • A great number of animal species can be found in the rainforest as it is dense and has a diversified vegetation • Carnivorous animals like the Puma and Cougar, are the great hunters of the Rainforest. • Many primates such as the Orangutan, the Gorilla, and the Chimpanzee live here.

  22. THANK YOU!

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