China: The Giant with Growing Indigestion and Skin Irritation

1. China: The Giant with Growing Indigestion and Skin Irritation

3. Seven Major Geographic Qualities Of China • China’s population represents over one-fifth of all humanity. Territorially, China ranks third among the world’s countries. • China is one of the world’s oldest continuous civilizations. • China’s civilization developed over a long period in considerable isolation, protected by physiographic barriers and by sheer distance from other source areas. • The Chinese state and national culture evolved from a core area that emerged in the north, near the present capital of Beijing (Peking). China’s culture hearth has remained there ever since.

4. China’s enormous population is strongly concentrated in the country’s eastern regions. Western zones remain comparatively empty and open, and are also more arid and far less productive. • China’s recent modernizing drive notwithstanding, the country remains a dominantly rural society with limited urbanization and industrialization. • Rural China is a land of enduring traditions. Neither the Communist Revolution drive has truly changed the villagers’ way of life. Many old values persist, and the teachings of Kongfuzi (Confucius) are still remembered.

5. B.E. Confucianism spread and dominated life.550-ish BC • Dynastic China (21BC-1912) • Development of Buddhism 650-ish AD • Partitioning of China (dividing up) by British, Russians and Japanese • D.E. (Late 1800’s/Early 1900’s • Republican Government (1912-1948) Confucius

6. A.E. Phase 1-- Sun Yatsen (1925) • Communists vs. Nationalists, Begins 1924 -- stopped 1932 (They united to fight the Japanese) They resumed in 1945 -- 1949 • Why The Change??

7. (1) Mao Zedong (Tsi-Tung) • Mao Defeats the Nationalists led by (2)Chaing Kai Shek • They forced on to Formosa (Taiwan) • This creates 2 China’s • Mainland China = Peoples Republic of China (PROC) • Taiwan = Republic of China (ROC) 1 2

8. No trade or political interaction • China side s with N. Korea during Korean War (1950-53) • During the Cold War -- U.S. very suspicious of Communist China • Great Leap Forward (50’s and 60”s)

9. Cultural Revolution (1960’s) end Confucian ideas • Some help to North Vietnam Provided many needed materials as did USSR allowing N Vietnamese to extend war • 1954 -- French Indochina • China actually controlled most of Indo –China from the 1600’s-the late 1800’s.

10. 1971 -- UN recognizes P.R.O.C. (Mainland) including Taiwan - Hong Kong - political, economical sovereignty • 1972 -- U.S. President Nixon visits PROC, begins positive dialogue • 1976 -- Mao Zedong dies • Deng Xiaoping is Mao's successor, Communist party chairman, (died 1996)

11. Economic success by other Asian Countries forces changes in China • Japan / 4 Tigers • 1980’s “4 Modernizations” 1. Rapid modernization/mechanization of agriculture 2. Immediate upgrade of defense forces 3. Modernization of expansion of industry 4. The development of science, technology and medicine

12. S.E.Z. 1979 (define) 1. Shenzhen - Hong Kong 2. Zhuhai “ “ 3. Shanton - “ “ 4. Ziamen - Taiwan • A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws different from a country's typical economic laws. Usually the goal is an increase in foreign investment. Special Economic Zones have been established in several countries, including the People's Republic of China, India, Jordan, Poland, Kazakhstan, the Philippines and Russia. North Korea has also attempted this to a degree. Who was the previous Chinese Leader?

14. Phase 2-- • After the Modernizations (4) Capitalistic and Democratic influences begin to appear - 70’s & 80’s GNP and economic growth appears in most of Asia

15. Four Tigers- (other than Japan) • Hong Kong • Taiwan Type of work? • South Korea • Singapore • (Vietnam could move in)

16. What economic things are going on in the U.S. at this same time? (waves) • How does this relate to “4 Tigers” and Economic Growth in China? • Why the Tiananmen Square Conflict? • What was it?

18. 1996 -- China attempts to carry out “Full Scale” (live) military practice around Taiwan. Why? What was the US position?

19. U.S. says “just try it” and moves navy into a strategic position to keep China from carrying out live ammunition military “ practice” around Taiwan.

20. 1997 -- Hong Kong became part of China. If you were a citizen of Hong Kong what are your concerns?

21. Current Chinese President - Hu Jintoa

22. Physical China • 3rd largest country • 100,000 sq. miles larger than the US • Temperate Zone Climate • See charts from ch./unit 1 • Subtropical -- South • Humid Continental -- East • Desert -- North

24. Population/Land -vs.- US

25. Current Issues • Air pollution -- High Sulfur Coal use in Manufacturing • Acid Rain • Water shortage • Less than 10% of sewage receives treatment • Estimated loss of 1/5 of agricultural land since 1957: soil erosion, economic development, desertification

26. Economic • Per capita -- 2,500 • 11.8% Growth rate • Exports 121 billion (1994) • Imports 115.7 billion (1994) • Currency Yuan 8.4 = $1 U.S. (1995)

27. Pinyin -- standard Chinese (1958) • No European Influence • Peking And Beijing • Yellow river = Huang He river • Yangtse = Chaing Jiang • China = Xinhua