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Radiological Protection in Switzerland: Stakeholders' Perspective

Explore the Swiss Federal Commission's approach to radiological protection. Understand its goals, tasks, and collaboration with regulatory bodies through workshops. Learn about recommendations and developments in the field.

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Radiological Protection in Switzerland: Stakeholders' Perspective

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  1. Swiss Federal Commission for Radiological protection and Monitoring of Radioactivity in the Environment A way to confront stakeholders point of view on radiological protection topics 22th – 24th of September 2004 (Uppsala) Christophe Murith, Nicolas Stritt CPR, Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOPH)

  2. The Commission Goals Swiss Federal Commission for Radiological protection and Monitoring of Radioactivity in the Environment (CPR) The Commission shall give its opinion on: • The interpretation and evaluation of international recommendations in the field of Radiological protection in terms of their application in Switzerland; • The setting up and further development of uniform principles for the application of radiation protection measures; • The radioactivity in the environment, the results of monitoring, their interpretation and the resulting radiation doses for the population. The Commission shall regularly inform the public about the radiological situation in Switzerland

  3. Organigram Scientific Secretary Christophe Murith (SFOPH) PRESIDENT Jean-François Valley MEDICAL FIELD Karl Dula Gisela Gonzalez Jan Müller-Brand Uwe Schneider Hartmut Venz Peter Vock Ingrid Wyler-Brem EXPERT GROUP IN DOSIMETRY Christian Wernli Daniel Frei Hermann Jossen Andreas Leupin Yves Lörtscher Hans Menzel Roberto Mini Reinhold Schuh Jean-François Valley Urs Weidmann ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Urs Krähenbühl Janusz Dominik André Herrmann Jean-François Valley Christian Wernli Albert Zeller

  4. The Swiss Legislation and ALARA • Article 9 of the Radiological Protection Act • In order to limit the radiation exposure of each individual person as well as of the totality of all concerned, it shall be required to adopt all measures dictated by experience and the state of the scientific and technological art. • Article 6 of the Radiological Protection Ordinance • The principle of optimisation shall be regarded as satisfied for activities which under no circumstances lead to an effective dose of more than 100 mSv per year for occupationally exposed persons or more than 10 mSv per year for persons not occupationally exposed.

  5. The Commission tasks • The Commission is to regularly assess the RP situation in Switzerland and to follow the developments on international level. • The Commission organizes annual workshops. • The Commission gives independent opinion and advises supervisory authorities (Recommendations).

  6. The Swiss Regulatory Bodies • The Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (SFOPH) • The Swiss National Accident Insurance Association (Suva) • The Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (HSK)

  7. Workshop 2001: Individual Dosimetry Number of Persons and collective doses, external and internal radiation 50000 5 45813 2001 40000 4 3.40 Number of Persons Collective dose 30000 3 Number of Persons Collective doses in Persons-Sv 20000 2 10351 0.86 10000 1 0.68 5441 0.41 3330 0 0 . . . . Medicine University Nuclear Power Industry Research Plants

  8. Workshop 2001: Recommendations of the Commission Based on the comparison performed by the Commission between EU Directives (96/29 & 97/43) and Swiss legislation • Recommendations to the Regulatory Body to check the degree of achievement of legal requirements related to airline crews • Updated guidance material drawn upon the expertise of the Commission: information, training and further education are essential rights of the workers! • General recommendations concerning the protection against radiation of pregnant women in the medical and industrial fields • Recommendations for taking into account EU requirements by the next revision of the Swiss radiological protection ordinance • The main topics concern the need of adopting the EU workers classification A & B and of harmonising exemption levels.

  9. Workshop 2002: Radiation protection in Medicine • German (SSK) and Swiss Commissions exchanges concerning: • Dose assessment and dosimetry survey in diagnostic radiology • Frequency and doses for diagnostic examinations in radiology and nuclear medicine • New technologies (multiple slice scanners) • Breast cancer screening • Diagnostic reference level (DRL’s) in diagnostic radiology • Recommendations for the protection of patients and medical personal • Sudden awareness regarding rise in radiation exposure for the patients in the area of new technologies, especially by computed tomography • Analyse for setting up a mediation organisation in diagnostic radiology • Examination of relevance for a collaboration of medical physicists in radiology departments • Support for introduction of DRL’s and promotion of training

  10. Workshop 2003: NORM and Inspection modalities Bq/m3 Radon in pumping station mSv/h • NORM: Radon and Cosmic radiation • Inspection modalities • Nuclear industry: balance between the responsibility of Regulatory Bodies and Operators. Excess of regulation might be counterproductive! • Industry and research: balance between effective protection of the workers and demand of profitability • Medicine: need for participation of medical physicists in radiodiagnostic and nuclear medicine

  11. Workshop 2004: Treatment of radiation victims and Transport of radioactive materials • Treatment of radiation victims • Medical treatment for victims of accident involving radiation needs to be prepared • Practical example of treatment administered to irradiated victims of the accidents of Lilo and Lia, Georgia (40’000 Ci; 90Sr, 500 days treatment following the irradiation) • Contract with the University Hospital in Zurich to guarantee treatment of irradiated people in Switzerland • Transport of radioactive materials • If one considers a part of the administrative steps as too strict, one must keep in mind that transport is a crucial point within the framework of the management of dangerous materials and that this justifies the strict application of the international and national regulation ICAO ADNR ADR/SDR RID/RSD

  12. Workshop 2004: Recommendations of the Commission • Recommendations for the medical management of radiation victims • Upgrade of the structure in Switzerland and need to have several doctors with specialised training in the treatment of irradiated victims in order to maintain appropriated competences • Consider cooperation with competent foreign services (Paris, Ulm) • Recommendations for sealed sources used in industrial gammagraphy • Maintain the supervisory effort and guarantee proper instruction of workers • Foresee a specific prescription on the use of sealed radioactive sources in the industrial sector as it already exists for the medical sector • Recommendations for high activity sealed radioactive sources • Set up an inventory guaranteeing the traceability of high-activity sources used in Switzerland (including industrial gammagraphy) • Reconsider the definition criteria for such sources in view of approaching the European requirements • Commission support for the creation of a national Institute of Cancer Epidemiology and Registration

  13. Impact of the Commission’s recommendations • High • Radiological legacies: collection action in the watch industry (226Ra and 3H) appropriated incineration of 3H and 14C • Environmental Monitoring: setting up of a national environmental database • Medicine: SFOPH program within the area of doses intensive examinations (training intensification, DRL’s introduction, Patient dose registration) • Middle • High-activity sealed radioactive sources: Inventory and precise definition criteria for such sources (including industrial gammagraphy) • Medicine: medical physicists and mediation organisation in diagnostic radiology • Weak • National cancer register: epidemiology • Medicine: medical management of radiation victims • Environmental Monitoring: control of radioactivity fluxes

  14. Regulatory Bodies Commission Workers Population Media… Conclusions • Why a Commission? • To bring together the competences in the different fields of radiological protection • To ensure an efficient application of the legislation • To give a second independent opinion to workers, population and media • Why workshops? • Workshops represent a powerful tool for education, information and experience exchanges • Stakeholders awareness and information are difficult to fulfill via the information agencies • Challenge for the future is to achieve better contacts with the NGO representatives

  15. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION End

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