NATIONALISM , S ECTIONALISM, & THE AGE OF JACKSON

1. NATIONALISM, SECTIONALISM, & THE AGE OF JACKSON American History I - Unit 5 Ms. Brown

2. Review • Why was the Election of 1824 called the “Corrupt Bargain?” • During the Election of 1828, what was Jackson’s campaign strategy? • What was Jackson’s spoils system? • What did Chief Justice Marshall decide in the SCOTUS case Worcester v. Georgia in 1832? • What is the name given to the forced movement of Cherokee natives in 1838?

3. Review • Why was the Election of 1824 called the “Corrupt Bargain?” • JQ Adams and Clay made a deal for the House of Reps to voted Adams as POTUS, and Clay would be Sec. of State • Jackson claimed JQ Adams and Clay stole the office from him • During the Election of 1828, what was Jackson’s campaign strategy? • Appeal to the common man • Bash Adams for not relating to the common man • What was Jackson’s spoils system? • Replacing federal workers with his own friends/supporters rather than people who were actually qualified • What did Chief Justice Marshall decide in the SCOTUS case Worcester v. Georgia in 1832? • Cherokee did not have to move from Georgia despite the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and Georgia’s state laws • What is the name given to the forced movement of Cherokee natives in 1838? • The Trail of Tears

4. 5.4 – JACKSON VS. SOUTH CAROLINA AH1.H.4.1 Analyze the political issues and conflicts that impacted the US through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.4.2 Analyze the economic issues and conflicts that impacted the US through Reconstruction and the compromises that resulted. AH1.H.5.2 Explain how judicial, legislative, and executive actions have affected the distribution of power between levels of government.

5. Tariffs Increase • Refresher: A tariff is a tax on imported goods designed to encourage the sale of American goods. • Tariff of 1816 - right after War of 1812 to encourage US industrialization in the North and strengthen US economy (part of the American System) • 1824 – Tariff rises (must pay even more for imported goods) • North – YAY more tariffs! • South – BOO more tariffs!

6. The Tariff of 1828 is an ABOMINATION! Tariff of 1828 • Tariff of 1828 – the tariff increased even more! → South was furious! • John C. Calhoun nicknamed it “The Tariff of Abominations” • Calhoun – South Carolinian, War Hawk before War of 1812, Jackson’s VP • Abomination – disgust, hatred, disgrace, outrage

7. Tariff of 1828 Northern Point of View

8. Tariff of 1828 Southern Point of View

9. Problems in South Carolina • Cotton prices low • Planters and slaves moving to cheaper and more fertile western land (ex: Alabama) • SC started to wonder if Calhoun (Jackson’s VP) even cared about SC anymore Don’t you care our problems?! Do something about the Tariff of 1828!

10. The South Carolina Exposition • 1828 - Written anonymously (but really by Calhoun) • Described the “nullification theory” • The Constitution exists because the states established it together. • Each state has the right to reject or nullify a law that is unconstitutional. • United States exists because the states agree to be unified. • If the federal government refuses to permit the nullification of a federal law, that state has the right to leave the Union (US).

11. Hayne-Webster Debates – January 1830 Senator Robert Hayne (SC) Anti-tariff The federal government will cause the economic ruin of the South! The federal government is violating the rights of people and the states! Senator Daniel Webster (MA) • Pro-tariff • The states cannot pick and choose which federal laws they will and will not obey.

12. Jackson (POTUS) vs. Calhoun (VP) “Our Union: It must be preserved!” “The Union, next to our liberty, the most dear. May we all remember that it can only be preserved by respecting the rights of the States and distributing equally the benefit and burden of the United States.” Election of 1832 – Calhoun resigned as VP, Jackson ran for POTUS with Martin Van Buren as new VP

13. South Carolina Nullification Crisis • 1832 – Congress passed ANOTHER tariff • SC – ENRAGED! • Declared the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional, thus “null and void” in SC • Threatened to secede from (leave) the Union if tax collectors tried to collect the extra taxes

14. South Carolina Nullification Crisis • Jackson – FURIOUS • Declared SC’s actions as TREASON - deliberately against the wellbeing of the country • Threatened to HANG Calhoun • Signed the Force Bill in 1833 – allowed for the POTUS to order navy or military force against SC if the state refused to pay taxes • Threatened to send federal troops to SC to collect taxes

15. Henry Clay Saves the Day • Henry Clay helped Congress pass a bill that would lower tariffs over 10 years • Temporary fix concerning states’ rights and sectionalism • Henry Clay - “The Great Compromiser” • American System • The Missouri Compromise • Calmed the South Carolina Nullification Crisis

16. SC Nullification Crisis Comic Strip In a small group, you will create a comic strip. Divide your poster into 6 areas. 1 box is your comic strip title and authors. The other 5 boxes contain the events. Your comic strip must outline the events surrounding the Tariff of Abominations and the SC Nullification Crisis, but you can decide which events go in your 5 boxes. You must convey the events with images. Use dialogue bubbles if you want… it is all up to you!