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The Global Context

The Global Context. We are a nation at war This is a prolonged period of conflict for the US with great uncertainty about the nature and location of that conflict We must be able to defuse crises and/or defeat aggression early, at home and abroad, to prevent escalation, and limit damage

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The Global Context

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  1. The Global Context • We are a nation at war • This is a prolonged period of conflict for the US with great uncertainty about the nature and location of that conflict • We must be able to defuse crises and/or defeat aggression early, at home and abroad, to prevent escalation, and limit damage • Thus, we need flexible, rapidly deployable forces and sufficient depth and strength to sustain multiple, simultaneous operations

  2. Transforming the Army • Restructuring: Elimination of Cold War structure • ‘Trading Information For Armor’ Makes C4ISR Key • Mobility and Agility in Size and Mission Diversity Decrease Increase • Military Police Units • Transportation Units • Intelligence Units • RSTA/HUMINT Units • Civil Affairs Units • PSYOPS Units • Biological Detection Units • Field Artillery Units • Air Defense Units • Engineer Units • Armor Units • Logistics Units 2004-2009 Smaller, Quicker, Smarter Most Ambitious Army Restructuring in 50 Years

  3. INTEL Changes Future Force Current Single “INT” Sensors Multi-INT Sensor Capability Correlation/Fusion of Multiple Sensor Data Inputs into a Single Output Minimal Integrated EW Suites Multiple Data Outputs Vertically and Horizontally Integrated Sensor and Net-Centric Enterprise Architecture Platform Centric, Stove-Piped Sensor Architecture Lengthy Sensor-to-Shooter Processing Real Time Sensor-to-Shooter Decision Process Timely Red, Blue and Grey SA at all Levels Limited Red Force Picture

  4. Rapidly advancing COTS available to adversary nations and terrorists OIF/OEF/GWOT driving acquisition cycles to months/weeks Intelligence Reform Act of 2004 INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY, APPARATUS, AND R&D

  5. Pearl Harbor 9-11 Historical Legislation Intelligence Reform ActGeorge W. Bush2004 National Security ActHarry S. Truman 1947 EO 12333 Ronald W. Reagan 1982 COLD WAR NSA 1952 NRO 1960 Goldwater-Nichols 1986 Department ofHomeland Security 2002

  6. The debate over Intelligence Reform rapidly devolved into the typical issues…

  7. What are the Implications of the Intelligence Reform Act on Us? “America's intelligence agencies must work together as a single, unified enterprise…under this new law, our vast intelligence enterprise will become more unified, coordinated and effective.” ~President George W. Bush S.2845 H.R.10

  8. Executive Summary • The law creates a Director of National Intelligence (DNI) • The law also creates a National Counter-Terrorism Center (NCTC) • The law also extends to the DHS and TSA more funding and authority to use ISR capabilities

  9. The DNI will have broad strategic authority over budgets, personnel and missions. The president's principal adviser on intelligence matters Leads a unified intelligence community Determines and controls the annual budgets of US intelligence agencies, including the CIA, DIA, and NSA Has the authority to order the collection of new intelligence, to ensure the sharing of information among agencies, and to establish common standards for intelligence personnel Appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate Director of National Intelligence

  10. DNI (cont’d) • The DoD’s "statutory responsibilities" for intelligence cover the personnel, operations, and budgets of the DIA, the Services, NRO, NGA, and, most critically, the NSA, the largest US intelligence apparatus • These activities comprise about 80% of the US Intelligence Community's budgets, and 7 of 15 agencies • In short, this "reform" bill places about 80% of the entity that's being reformed outsidethe control of the NDI “This director will not ‘abrogate the statutory responsibilities’ of the Department of Defense”

  11. National Counter-Terrorism Center • The National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) will direct terrorist-related intelligence gathering and counter-terrorism operations for the United States • Authority to plan intelligence and counterterrorism operations • No authority to tell civilian or military agencies how to execute those missions - an important distinction for military commanders who do not want conflicting signals coming from the NCTC and their bosses at the Pentagon

  12. Border Security • The law includes many provisions to strengthen border security with ISR capabilities • The DHS will begin testing a pilot border-security program along the US - Canadian border, and another along the southwestern US border • The law permits testing of advanced technologies, such as sensors, video, and unmanned aerial vehicles, for broad area systematic surveillance between ports of entry

  13. Sec 1016 Information Sharing Sec 1019 Analytic Integrity Sec 1020 Safeguarding of analytic objectivity in intelligence analysis Sec 1051 Service and national labs and the intelligence community Sec 1052 Open Source intelligence Sec 1053 National Intelligence Reserve Corps Sec 4013 Deployment and use of detection equipment at airport screening checkpoints Sec 4014 Advanced airport checkpoint screening devices Sec 4020 Checked baggage screening area monitoring Sec 4021 Wireless communication Sec 4024 Improved explosive detection systems Sec 4026 MANPADs Sec 4029 Extension of TSA funding Sec 5201 Border Surveillance Sec 6906 Viruses Sec 6907 Interception of communications Sec 7108 Promotion of free media Sec 8402 Enterprise architecture Opportunity for S&T Key Sections of Law that Could Also Influence Our R&D Investment Strategy

  14. Where Do We Go From Here?

  15. The Road Ahead • Integration/Fusion/Information Management is Key • A holistic approach to advanced R&D and systems development is a necessity • Information and data moving at the speed of analysis must now be moved at the speed of warning • Specific information that could lead to the identification and apprehension of a terrorist must flow unimpeded from the most classified and integrated data bases to the solider in the foxhole or the patrolman making a routine traffic stop • Refocus on the Human Being/Soldier • Asymmetric warfareincreases human to human interaction • 70% of all intelligence in OIF/OEF has been HUMINT derived • Human brain still our most vital decision-making tool

  16. US intelligence requires a special effort to focus future development on capabilities that are not only advanced, but a leap into areas unknown or insufficiently understood by our opponents and targets HPC and quantum computing Tremendous implications for real-time processing and analytics Nanotechnology offers new ways to get closer to targets Undetected penetration “Labs on a Chip" to provide long-term detection of biological, chemical, radiological, or other weapons of mass destruction Miniature cameras for real-time video used in precision targeting Maxwell's Rainbow—referring to the spectrum beyond the visual and electromagnetic bands—provides thermal, atomic, and other MASINT signatures The Road Ahead

  17. The Road Ahead • Intensify cooperation and collaboration with Industry and Academia • "Breakthrough" scientific advances may occur well away from the traditional, large, government-supported labs and research establishments • Increase Entrepreneurship • More Experimentation, QRC, and Tech Insertion • Refocus S&T on the kinds of activities it has historically done well—specifically, serving as a “skunk works” to field new technology faster

  18. The Road Ahead • Strengthen core competencies • “Although the CIA is the best known member of the Intelligence Community, the bulk of the nation’s intelligence effort is undertaken by the intelligence agencies of the Department of Defense…the distinction between strategic and tactical ISR systems gradually has melted away as military requirements shifted from the nuclear and conventional threat posed by Cold War enemies to more diverse dangers arising from rogue states and terrorists.” Report for Congress, CRS, Library of Congress, Dec 6, 2004 • Boldly go where no scientist has gone before • ONS/Capability-based vs. ‘lab coat’ research • RDECOM FAST teams

  19. The Road Ahead • Change the mindset and culture of our combatant commanders and warfighters to better understand EW “EMS is another battlespace on par with land, sea, air, and space.” EW 2005 Roadmap, CJCS/USD(AT&L) • 3 of Top 10 OIF/OEF shortcomings are EW related: • C-RCIED • Counter-Media (PSYOPS) • MANPADs • Boost the declining skilled EW ‘workforce’ Note: The NSA is hiring! (7,500 slots!) • IO Security: Don’t allow modularity, agility, COTS and “net-centric warfare” to become an Achilles’ heel

  20. AirForce NSA NRO NGIA Army Navy CIA Will It Work? NDI

  21. Pete Drucker Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient

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