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Financial Decisions in the Global Context. Finance Function: Accounting and Stewardshipl Financial Planning and Control Research and Analysis Risk Management Cost Centre to profit centre Accounting– Economics-- Mathematics. Finance Manger.
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Financial Decisions in the Global Context • Finance Function: Accounting and Stewardshipl Financial Planning and Control Research and Analysis Risk Management Cost Centre to profit centre Accounting– Economics-- Mathematics
Finance Manger • Book Keeping and Accounting Data • Financial Reporting and Compliance • Cost analysis • Business Analysis and investment • Research and Mathematical Model Building • Treasury Management
Financial Markets • Large and Globally Competitive • Integrated and Overlapping • Interdependent Economic Logic • Multilateral Regulatory Framework • Sophisticated Pricing Matrix
Financial Decisions • Investment Decision Global Framework Changing Risk Profile Country and Currency risk over and above Business risk Financing Decision as Important as Investment Decision Adjusted Present Values
Capital Structure and Financing • Balance sheet: Maturity Profile of Assets and Liabilities Foreign Currency Loans Debt Equity Ratio Fixed vs. Floating Rate Liabilities • Cash Flows: Currency Mix Project Risk (Beta) Committed Costs
Working Capital Decisions • Management Of Current Assets: Cash Management (Centralised Depository) Inventory Carrying Costs (Credit Policy) Accounts Receivables and Transfer Pricing Intra- Company Deposits • Objective: To Maximise Returns on Short-Term Assets
Managing Current Liabilities: Currency Fluctuations and short term Funding Intra- Company Loans Tax Environment Invoicing Decisions • Overall Goal is To Minimise Short-Term Financing Costs
Why International Finance? • Domestic Resource Gap • Cost Of Capital in Domestic Vs. Globally Integrated Markets • Risk management and Hedging Options • Monetary Policy Imperatives
How Does International Capital Market Work? • Providers of Funds: Countries with Current Account/Savings Surplus looking for International Investment Avenues to Maximise Returns • Seekers of Funds: Borrowers from Markets (Countries) with Savings Deficit and High Cost of Capital • International Portfolio Investors: To Diversify Risks and Maximise Returns
Market Structure • Foreign Exchange Market: Spot and Forward Largest and Central to world Financial System Globally Integrated and Efficient • International Money Market (The Euro Currency Market) Short term Deposits and loans Dominated By Commercial Paper Issues
Medium Term Debt Markets (The ECB market): Syndicated Loans Structured Financing • Long Term Bond Markets
What Does it Mean for Corporates? • Assembly Line Financing (Independent of Balance Sheet. Currency Neutral, Maturity Transformation • Risk Management • What it means :Develop an Integrated Corporate Financial Model