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Constant Fixation

15s. .5s. 6-15 s. 6-15 s. …. …. …. 1000Hz. 1200Hz. Constant Fixation. Controls: N=41, p<1x10 -10. Patients: N=44, p<1x10 -5. MFG, Right Hemisphere, Visit 1. Visit 1. Slice Depth: Y=-36. Controls Patients. Visit 2. MFG, Right Hemisphere, Visit 2. Controls: N=41, p<1x10 -10.

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Constant Fixation

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  1. 15s .5s 6-15 s 6-15 s … … … 1000Hz 1200Hz Constant Fixation

  2. Controls: N=41, p<1x10-10 Patients: N=44, p<1x10-5 MFG, Right Hemisphere, Visit 1 Visit 1 Slice Depth: Y=-36 Controls Patients Visit 2 MFG, Right Hemisphere, Visit 2

  3. Controls: N=41, p<1x10-10 Patients: N=44, p<1x10-5 MFG, Right Hemisphere, Visit 1 Visit 1 Controls Patients Slice Depth: Z=-11 Visit 2 MFG, Right Hemisphere, Visit 2

  4. STG, Right Hemisphere, Visit 1 Controls: N=41, p<1x10-10 Patients: N=44, p<1x10-5 Visit 1 Controls Patients Slice Depth: Y=-65 Visit 2 STG, Right Hemisphere, Visit 2

  5. Controls: N=41, p<1x10-10 Patients: N=44, p<1x10-5 STG, Right Hemisphere, Visit 1 Visit 1 Controls Patients Slice Depth: Z=-3 Visit 2 STG, Right Hemisphere, Visit 2

  6. Axial Slices of Brainstem Averaged Across Populations and Visits Z= -12 Inferior Z= -10 Z= -9 Z= -7 Z= -6 Superior Z= -4

  7. Time-Course by Visit and Diagnosis in MFG

  8. Time-Course by Visit and Diagnosis in STG

  9. Time-Course by field in STG

  10. Time-Course by Site and Field in Control STG

  11. Intra-Class Correlations Dependent Variables Dependent Variables

  12. Correlation between Response to Deviants and Breath Hold in STG(Controls) r= .322, p=.003

  13. Correlation between Response to Deviants and Breath Hold in STG(Patients) r= .246, p= .02

  14. Correlation between Response to Deviants and Breath Hold in MFG(Controls) r= .114, p= ns

  15. Correlation between Response to Deviants and Breath Hold in MFG(Patients) r= -.041, p= ns

  16. Voxel Counts by Visit and ROI

  17. Voxel Counts by Visit

  18. Voxel Counts by Field

  19. Voxel Counts by Field and ROI

  20. Cog WG Auditory Oddball

  21. Average STG Signal Change for Diagnostic Group F = 9.2, p=.003 Control N = 38 Patient N = 39

  22. Average STG Signal Change for Diagnostic Group by Visit Visit 1 Visit 2 Visit 1 Visit 2 Control N = 38 Patient N = 39

  23. Average STG Signal Change for Auditory Deviants by Field 1.5 T 3.0 T 4.0 T

  24. Average STG Signal Change for Breath Hold by Field 1.5 T 3.0 T 4.0 T

  25. Average STG Signal Change By Diagnosis and Field Strength 1.5 T 3.0 T 4.0 T

  26. Average Hemodynamic Time Series Across ROI ACG STG Thalamus Visit 1 = BlueVisit 2 = Red

  27. dlPFC Activation by Auditory Deviants Controls N=38 Patients N=39

  28. dlPFC Activation by Auditory Deviants Controls N=38 Patients N=39 Identical Threshold Reduced Threshold

  29. Cog WG Dual Sternberg MMN Tasks

  30. ****** ****** 18 sec 1 P 1 3 7 4 T G Z R 9 7 5 A S V * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Dual Visual Sternberg and Auditory Mismatch Rest Set Size 2 Rest Set Size 5 A G T Y H * 1 * 7 * Repeat Fixation Auditory tones: p(1000 Hz) = 0.9, p(1200 Hz) = 0.1 750 ms ISI, 100 ms duration Visual stimuli: block lengths = 18 sec, ISI = 2000 ms 9 sec of fixation at beginning and end of run

  31. Subjects • Fifteen healthy subjects (9 females, 6 males; 13 right-handed, 2 left-handed) • Age range 18 to 28 years (mean age 21.9 years) • All had normal or corrected to normal visual acuity

  32. Reaction Time by Run for In-Set Probes Run

  33. Rest Low Load High Load Activations to Deviant during load conditions (fixed effects)

  34. High Load Low Load Voxels where Load 5 > Load 2, t>=2 (random effects)

  35. Cog WG Emotional Oddball Task

  36. ... ... ... ... ... Emotional Distracter Task Yamasaki, LaBar, McCarthy, PNAS, 2002

  37. Emotional Distracter

  38. Emotional Distractor TaskMiddle Frontal Gyrus (anterior)

  39. Emotional Distractor TaskAmygdala

  40. Anterior MFG Posterior IFG Emotional Distracter Task

  41. Sad Stimulus Distracter Task

  42. Sad movies Happier Happy movies ９ ７ Neutral ５ - Mood + ３ Sadder １ (min) -4 -2 0 0 2 4 After the movies Before the movies Mood Measurement

  43. Activation of amygdala to sad pictures

  44. Happy Mood Sad Mood 0.25 * Sad stimuli Sad stimuli Neutral stimuli Neutral stimuli Average of % signal change 0 20 20 - - 4 4 - - 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 20 20 - - 4 4 - - 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 16 16 18 18 Time course (s) - 0.1 Activation of amygdala

  45. Goals for Cog Challenge Group • Evaluate Phase II SIRP design • Did the inclusion of three working memory loads differentiate schizophrenic and control samples? • Evaluate Phase II Auditory Oddball task • Did temporal lobe activation differentiate schizophrenic and control samples? • Cross-task comparisons for Phase II data • Were similar patterns of dorsolateral PFC activation observed in both SIRP and Oddball tasks?

  46. Emotional Distracters and Working Memory Phase II Phase I (14s) (15s) Novel stimuli (6s) + + + 3.5s 1.5s Memoranda Probe

  47. MFG L R MR units IFG MR units TR Scrambled Neutral Emotional

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