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The Age of Reform

The Age of Reform. Changing American Life in the 19 th Century. Revival – frontier camp meeting to reawaken religious faith . 2 nd Great Awakening. People came to hear preachers. People came to pray, sing, weep, & shout.

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The Age of Reform

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  1. The Age of Reform Changing American Life in the 19th Century

  2. Revival – frontier camp meeting to reawaken religious faith 2nd Great Awakening People came to hear preachers People came to pray, sing, weep, & shout Men& women became eager to reform their lives & the world…led to new reform movements

  3. Many were spending most of their wages on alcohol Reformers blamed alcohol for society’s problems Poverty, breakup of families, crime, & insanity Called for temperance Drinking little or no alcohol Temperance crusaders used many methods Lectures, pamphlets, & revival-style rallies Many states passed temperance laws banning manufacturing & sale of alcoholic beverages TemperanceMovement

  4. Workers organized for better conditions Industries & Labor Factory work was noisy, boring, & unsafe Example: Lowell girls went on strike in 1836 demanding lowered rent and better conditions Other workers called for shorter hours and higher wages In 1835 & 1836, 140 strikes took place in the eastern U.S. Seal for the Knights of Labor, first organized union in America Example: Lowell girls went on strike in 1836 demanding lowered rent and better conditions

  5. Reforming Education "Convinced that the people are the only safe depositories of their own liberty, and that they are not safe unless enlightened to a certain degree, I have looked on our present state of liberty as a short-lived possession unless the mass of the people could be informed to a certain degree." - Thomas Jefferson, 1805 Only New England provided free elementary school Area where Pilgrims & Puritans settled (placed a premium on education) Others had to pay or send to schools for the poor – some refused out of pride Some communities had NO SCHOOLS AT ALL Illegal in the south to teach slaves to read Southerners feared a rebellion by educated slaves

  6. Leading the Education Movement • Leader of education reform • Horace Mann • Massachusetts Board of Education • Heoffered many ideas to promote higher learning and increase opportunities • Lengthened school year to 6 months • Improved the curriculum • Doubled teacher’s salaries • Developed better teacher training methods • Three basic principles of public education (by the 1850’s) • Should be free & supported by taxes • Teachers should be trained • Children should be required to attend school

  7. The English School of Boston, first public high school in America

  8. Dorothea Dix – discovered mentally ill often received no treatment Often times they were chained or beaten Treated like criminals She travelled around the country on behalf of the mentally ill Others tried to help people with other disabilities Deaf/Blind Others tried to improve prisons Caring for the Needy/Helpless

  9. Caring for the Needy/Helpless

  10. Abolitionist Reformers worked to abolish, or end, slavery American Colonization Society 1st large-scale antislavery effort Resettling black Americans in Africa by raising money and settle a colony in Africa called Liberia They did not want to go back to Africa Slaves wanted to be free in American society Ending Slavery in America

  11. William Lloyd Garrison White abolitionist who called for the “immediate & complete emancipation” The Liberator Country’s leading antislavery newspaper Frederick Douglass Most widely known black abolitionist/former slave Edited an antislavery newspaper called the North Star Counseled Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War Sojourner Truth Used personal narratives and worked for abolitionism & women’s rights/former slave Southerners fought abolition continuously Abolitionists in America

  12. Underground Railroad • Network of escape routes from the South to the North • Traveled through the night on foot • Harriet Tubman • Most famous conductor of the Railroad

  13. Many wanted to improve the lives of women Lucretia Mott Quaker women who lectured in Philadelphia Spoke for temperance, peace, worker’s rights, & abolition Elizabeth Cady Stanton Worked with Lucretia Mott Women’s Rights

  14. Susan B. Anthony • Daughter of a Quaker abolitionist • Called for equal pay & coeducation • Special contribution – give married women rights to their own property and wages • Seneca Falls Convention • Declaration of Sentiments • Mott, Stanton, & others called for women’s equal rights • Every right was unanimous except women’s suffrage

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