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USAF Role in Space

USAF Role in Space. What does the USAF believe with respect to space? “Space is not a sanctuary anymore.” (Secretary Wynne, Dec 2007) “Space power operates differently from other forms of military power due to its global perspective, responsiveness, and persistence” (AFDD 2-2)

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USAF Role in Space

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  1. USAF Role in Space • What does the USAF believe with respect to space? • “Space is not a sanctuary anymore.” (Secretary Wynne, Dec 2007) • “Space power operates differently from other forms of military power due to its global perspective, responsiveness, and persistence” (AFDD 2-2) • What does the USAF “do” for space? • Presents Space Forces to USSTRATCOM CCDR, and other CCDRs as required • Collaborates on space mission and/or satellite payload operations w/USA & USN • Serves as the Executive Agent for Space • Develops, coordinates, and integrates plans and programs for space systems and the acquisition of DoD space Major Defense Acquisition Programs • Provides systems and forces for 4 space missions: Force Enhancement, Force Application, Space Control, and Space Support • MAJCOM: Air Force Space Command: Title 10 R&Rs across 4 mission areas • Consists of Acquisition, Space Operations, and Nuclear Forces personnel • USAF is not • The National Reconnaissance Office: designs, builds and operates the nation's reconnaissance satellites • Missile Defense Agency: To develop and field an integrated, layered, ballistic missile defense system to defend the United States, its deployed forces, allies, and friends against all ranges of enemy ballistic missiles in all phases of flight

  2. Space Missions • Space Force Enhancement:Optimizeeffectiveness of combined/joint force • ISR, early warning, satellite communication, PNT, blue force tracking, space environment monitoring, and global weather services • Space-Based Infrared System-(High) • Defense Support Program • MILSATCOM • Defense Satellite Communication System – Phase III • Wideband Global SATCOM • MilStar • Advanced EHF • Global Positioning System • Defense Meteorological Space System • National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System

  3. Space Missions • Space Force Application: Operations which hold terrestrial-based targets at risk • e.g., ICBM, Ballistic Missile Defense, and Force Projection • 3 MM III Missile Wings under the 20th AF • Space Control: Operations which Ensure/Deny freedom of action in space • Space Situational Awareness for all elements of National Security Space • Commercial, Consortium, National, Allied, Friendly, NASA, MDA • AFSSS, GEODSS, Missile Warning Sensors • Publish the Space Catalog(s) • Offensive Counterspace: Negation (D5 ops), Prevention • Counter Communications System • Defensive Counterspace: Protection • Protect Links and Data, not physical assets • Space Support: Operations which enable other space missions • E.g. Air Force Satellite Control Network (AFSCN), Launch Range Operations, Launch operations, etc.

  4. Space Battle Mgmt Assets

  5. SATOPS CONOPS Relay Comm Satellites -DSCS III -GE Americom -Intelsat -Spacenet 4 -Orion 1 MILSATCOM DSP Shuttle GPS Commands, telemetry & mission data Commands, telemetry & mission data Comm Antenna Comm Antennas • 2 Development & • Test Facilities • RSC • CERES 8 Remote Tracking Stations (RTS) locations - Launch Support - TT&C and Mission data • 2 Deployable • Systems • TSTR • TVCF • Launch • Facilities • EVCF • COOK 2 Operational Control Nodes - Schriever AFB - Onizuka AFS T1 Line to OAFS Users - 13 SOCs - 5 MCCs Camp Parks Comm Annex - Radiometric Testing - On-orbit Calibration AF, NASA, NOAA, NATO, NRO, DoD

  6. AFSCN Mission Data Comm C&W MCII Washington DC DSCS III DSCS III BOSS EASTPAC EASTPAC "J-2" DSCS III: IO GE Americom GE-2 GE Americom PIKE GE Americom SAFB Ft Detrick, MD SCSI HULA SPACENET 4 DSCS GE Americom Landstuhl, Germany DSCS III SCSI W LANT SAFB POGO INTELSAT 707 COOK REEF DISA/NCTS Finegayan DISA Camp Roberts, CA GUAM DSCS III EASTPAC LION DISA SUN EAST DISA SUN EAST DISA SUN EAST SAFB SAFB SAFB DSCS III WESTPAC DISA New Boston AS, NH DSCS DSCS F/O Submarine Cable SAFB SOC Commercial Prime NCS/DISA Alt Wahiawa, HI DoD Prime Alt F/O Cable

  7. AFCYBER • What does the USAF believe with respect to cyberspace? • SC: Cyberspace is a domain like land/sea/air/space and must be defended • 21st Century airpower is not the sumbutthe product of air, space, and cyberspace superiority • While still contributing to traditional air and space control missions, can produce its own tactical, operational, and strategic effects • AFCYBER Mission: • O/T/E Forces capable of Ensuring/Denying freedom of action in cyberspace • Cyber components of Global Vigilance, Global Power, Global Reach • Present Combat ready forces to CCDR USSTRATCOM trained and equipped to conduct sustained global operations in and through cyberspace, fully integrated with air and space operations • Announced: Nov 2006 • “Provisional” Stand Up: 17 Sep 07 • “Aim is to develop ultimately a major command that stands alongside Air Force Space Command and Air Combat Command” • HQ Temporarily located at Barksdale (8th Bomber Wing) • 10+ States considered for permanent HQ; Governors heavily involved • Envisioned to have/consolidate 1 NAF, 4 Wings, 6 Groups, 20 squadrons

  8. Space Back-Ups

  9. DoD MILSATCOMSystems and Programs

  10. Wideband Communications Today & Tomorrow Today ( Near Term) • DSCS III • AJ comm to long haul and tactical users worldwide • 5 coverage areas • X-band only, ~250 Mbps/sat • 5 primary, 5 residual on orbit • Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) • Focus on high capacity • 19 coverage areas • Crossband (X to/from Ka-band,new 2-way Ka) • ~2.1 Gbps/Sat (10X DSCS) • 6 satellites (SV-6 Partnered with Australia (TBD)) • Successful 1st launch, 10 Oct 2007 Raytheon • GBS • On UFO, one-way Ka-band, Ku Leased, Direct TV-like • 3 coverage beams • 3 PIPs, 2+TIPs

  11. Connectivity and Efficiencywhy do packet switching in space…. Internet Protocol (IP) Based (Packet Based) Circuit Based • Connectivity: point to point & multi-point • Connectivity: full mesh connectivity to all Global Information Grid users—connects anyone to everyone IP requires fewer COMM resources and provides greater flexibility

  12. 2009 AEHF EHF XDR 2001 Milstar II EHF MDR SATCOM 1994 Milstar I EHF LDR 2018 TSAT EHF XDR+ <1 sec 1.02 hr Air Tasking Order 1.1 Mbytes 5.7 sec 1.07 sec <1 sec 22.2 hr Visible Image 8x10 image 24 Mbytes 2 min 24 sec Radar Image Global Hawk (120 Mbytes) 12 min 2 min 110 hr <1 sec Comm On The Move No Service No Service 1,500 Links 1’ antenna 1.5 Mbps No Service Internet-like Connectivity TSAT Capability Impacts Satisfying the Warfighter’s needs

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