Setting the Stage for WW 2

1. Setting the Stage for WW 2 • Treaty of Versailles did not bring World PEACE • Worldwide depression going on since 1930. • The US promises to Germany were not kept since the US did not join the League of Nations • The world blames/punishes Germany for WW 1 • League of Nations and 62 countries sign Kellogg Briand Pact ( War will not be used as an instrument of National Policy). • The League of Nations does not have a military needed to enforce their decisions.

2. By holding Germany responsible for WW 1 the seeds for WW 2 have just been planted.

3. Many countries will turn to strong leaders who offer a plan to get them out of the Depression.Their strong sense of Nationalism and willingness to create a Totalitarian state will lead them to their destruction.

4. Totalitarian Government Controls Every Part Of Your Life

5. Maybe there is somebody in Germany who can unite the country and regain their glory Let’s blame all of our problems on the Jews

6. World Wide Revolutionary Totalitarian Dictators Many Faces of Death Germany Russia Italy Japan Hitler Stalin Mussolini Tojo

7. RUSSIA 1917-1937 • Communist Revolution during WW1 overthrew their King and killed the entire Romanov family. • Made peace with Germany by giving Germany land on the Eastern Front of WW 1. • Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin create the TOTALITARIAN communist state of the SOVIET UNION. Abolished all private property.

8. Stalin eliminated friend and foe that disagreed with his philosophies. This included very intelligent scientist and skillful military leaders. This will cause him major problems during WW 2. The Purge 8-13 Million Russians DIE

9. ITALY 1921-1939 • High Unemployment and inflation • Some communist led worker strikes • Upper/Middle class demand stronger leadership. • Benito Mussolini playing on fears of economic collapse and communism creates the FASCIST party becoming their leader. • Mussolini and Fascist march on Rome while key government employees, Police / Army members join him. King appoints him leader of Italy. • Fascism stresses Nationalism and needs of State over those of the individual

10. Mussolini“Il Duce” (Leader)

11. Italy Continued • Embarrassed by their behavior during WW 1 Mussolini wants to restore National pride • Wanted their own overseas colonies • Italy attacks Ethiopia (1935) and conquers it while League of Nations only imposes an Economic Boycott against Italy. • Leader of Ethiopia (Haile Selassie) tells world “It is us today but It will be you tomorrow”.

12. Italy attacks Ethiopia to expand their “New Roman Empire” Haile Selassie speaking at League of Nations

13. SPAIN1936-1939 • Spanish Army Officers led by General Francisco Francorevolt against Spanish Republic. • Spanish Civil War begins • Western Democracies remained neutral, Soviet Union sent supplies but Germany and Italy sent men, weapons, tanks and planes using it as their own military testing ground. • After 500,000 deaths in 1939 Franco becomes 1st fascist dictator of Spain

14. German Stuka Dive Bombers used in the Spanish Civil War.

15. Japan1931-1941 • Island Nation with limited space and resources • Imperial Government is run by a Heavenly King (Hirohito) • Nationalistic MilitaryLeaders take control of Government making King a figure head only. • Prime Minister Tojo attacks Manchuria (1931) and China in 1937 in search of living space and natural resources. • League of Nations investigates then condemns Japan but does nothing else

16. Hirohito Japanese Heavenly Ruler Hideiki Tojo Japanese Military Prime Minister

17. The Rape of Nanking China 1937

18. Japanese Brutality towardsChinese

19. Japanese atrocities are investigated

20. JapanContinued Japan quits the League of Nations in response Success in Manchuria strengthens the militarist in Japanese government. Germany and Italy watch what the response is from the rest of the world towards Japanese aggression

21. Germany1918-1939 • German towns , farms and factories were not destroyed at end of WW 1, so people felt betrayed by their former German government. • Germans could not figure out how they lost or who they should blame for the defeat. • Germany had high inflation and unemployment • Ordered to pay for all war damages • Ordered to give up some important land • Ordered to reduce their Army to 100,000, No Air Force, 15,000 sailors, 6 battleships and no Subs.

22. After WW 1 which one is the French town and which one is the German town?

23. High inflation in Germany during 1930’s while trying to pay the war reparations/debt makes it difficult. This is MONEY

24. GermanyContinued • Forced to create a new Democratic Government after WW 1 (Weimar Republic) • Unemployed Hitler joins the National Socialist German Workers party (NAZI) and quickly becomes it’s leader (Good Public Speaker) • Hitler writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle)while in prison for trying to overthrow the legitimate German Government (terrorist activities).

25. Many faces of Hitler Young Boy WW 1 Der Fuhrer At rest With Blondie

26. Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Swastika Emblem of the Third Reich Written while in jail, this book becomes the blueprint on how the NAZI’s will gain power

27. Hitler was made Vice Chancellor due to his Nazi Brown shirts intimidating voters and conducting terrorist activities around Germany Upon Death of Hindenburg, Hitler became Chancellor in 1933 and he quickly dismantles the democratic Weimar Republic establishing the Third Reich and Calling himself Der Fuhrer

28. To create an Aryan race of people, Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Mental Illness, Physical Handicapped, Slavs or any Non-White people were subject to extermination as part of his “Final Solution”. Hitler felt they were inferior. 1936 Munich Germany Olympics African American Jesse Owens Defeats German in competition in Germany in front of Hitler

29. In 1935 Hitler begins to rebuild Germany by ignoring and circumventing the terms written in the Treaty of Versailles • Begins buildup of Air Force by making 100’s of Mail carrier planes • Creates large battleships by calling them a heavy cruisers Graf Spee

30. Much like our Boy scouts, Hitler organizes the German Youth Movementthat provides training in military tactics.

31. Appeasement-The granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace • Embolden by the do nothing US and League of Nations Hitler withdrew his country from the League of Nations in 1933 and in 1936 sent his troops into the Rhineland • Claims Austria’s 6 million German speaking citizens as part of Germany and sends troops in 3/12/1938. No one stops him. • Hitler says the 3 million German speaking citizens in the Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) are being abused and he will send troops to protect them

32. France and Britain object to Germany intentions and meet with Hitler. Hitler claims this is his last territorial demand so France and England agree. • 9/30/1938 Munich Agreement is signed giving Germany the Sudetenland w/o any shots being fired

33. Negotiating with the Devil. Munich Conference Sept 1938 To keep “Peace in our Time” English Prime Minister Chamberlain uses diplomatic negotiations with Hitler. This is called “APPEASEMENT”.

34. On 3-15-1939 German troops enter the rest of Czechoslovakia

35. Germany turns its eyes towards Poland • Lots of German speaking people living in Poland • Lots of Natural Resources available for Germany • Might bring them into conflict with Russia On 8-23-1939 Germany signs a Non-Aggression Pact with Russia saying it will not attack Russia and Russia will not attack Germany. This opens door for Germany to attack Poland without worrying about having another two front war like they had during WW 1.

36. They don’t trust each other but they sign a Non Aggression Pact. Hitler attacks Poland Sept 1, 1939 and Russia does the same.

37. 9-1-1939 Germany attacks Poland from the west and Russia attacks Poland from the east . Poland is conquered in 30 days. Welcome to World War 2

38. Germany then attacks France. France is beaten in less than 2 months.No trench warfare this time! BLITZKRIEG: fast military movements using both Tanks and Airplanes

39. 338,000 English / French troops evacuated from Dunkirk France to England May/ June 1940 English citizens take their own private boats across the 20 mile wide channel to help evacuate the soldiers back to England.

40. By July 1940 Hitler now controls all of Europe and Creates his Iron Wall

41. United States1918-1941 • The US does not join the League of Nations. • We are involved with a Great Depression. • We are tired of war and we do not want to be drawn into another European conflict. • Prior to WW 2 we practice the policy of Isolationism Charles Lindbergh supports US being an isolationist

42. Isolationist Behavior: based on idea that the Atlantic Ocean will help keep us safe from the military dictators of Europe and their problems.

43. 1935 Congress passes a series of laws called the NEUTRALITY ACTS trying to avoid the mistakes that got us into WW 1 and European problems. They outlawed arm sales to any nation that is at war or having a Civil War. 1937 Since Japan did not declared war on China, Roosevelt sent Arms and supplies to aid China 1939 Roosevelt persuaded congress to pass the “Cash and Carry” provision in the Neutrality Act. This provision allowed the US to sell arms to France and England so they could fight Germany and keep us out of the war. 1940 created the 1st peace time draft (men ages 21-35) Jan 1941 Lend Lease Act Provided weapons to countries that are fighting Germany even if they can’t pay so we don’t have to join. All of these laws were passed so we could provide the weapons to help the Allies without joining the war. We were to become the worlds “Arsenal of Democracy”

44. We remain “NEUTRAL” until one Hawaiian December Sunday morning in 1941