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Lipids and Membrane Structure

Lipids and Membrane Structure. Content. This section of the syllabus includes: Biological functions of lipids Triglycerides Phosphoglycerides; formation of bilayers. Describe the structure and function of Triglycerides.

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Lipids and Membrane Structure

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  1. Lipids and Membrane Structure

  2. Content This section of the syllabus includes: • Biological functions of lipids • Triglycerides • Phosphoglycerides; formation of bilayers

  3. Describe the structure and function of Triglycerides • A triglyceride is made when 3 fatty acids form ester bonds with glycerol. • Their main function is to store and supply energy for metabolism.

  4. The Hydrolysis of Triglycerides • Triglycerides are hydrolysed with high pressured steam to yield fatty acids. • These are then neutralised with an alkali eg. NaOH to give soap and water.

  5. How much do you remember? 1.What are triglycerides made from? 2.Name one function of a triglyceride: 3.When triglycerides are hydrolysed what do they yield?

  6. The Solubility of Triglycerides • As lipids, triglycerides are soluble in non- polar organic substances such as chloroform and benzene but in soluble in water. • They are soluble in non-polar substances which are describe as hydrophobic or lipophillic. • Triglycerides have a high viscosity.

  7. Phosphoglycerides • Phosphoglycerides are used in the body to make cell membranes and make good emulsifiers. • All phospholipids have polar areas which are hydrophillic or hydrophobic. • Bimolecular layers are formed from phosphoglycerides as shown:

  8. Phosphoglyceride membrane bilayer

  9. Bimolecular Layer • This type of membrane is useful as it regulates the movement of substances across into the cell.

  10. Quick quiz • Kishan: Name two uses of phosphoglycerides: • Matt K: Give an example of an alkali used to neutralise fatty acids: • Matt W (if here x): What are triglycerides soluble in? • Tim: Name the main function of the membrane bilayer:

  11. Final details • Lipids (CH2)n are essentially a concentrated energy store of carbon and hydrogen. • Made up of C and H, lipids when broken down produce twice as much energy as the equivalent mass of carbohydrates.

  12. Cont. • Carbohydrates (CH20)n are made up of partly oxidised carbon and hydrogen units allowing `instant access`to energy. • When lipids are broken down (metabolised) they are released slowly. The energy from the C-H bonds in transferrred to smaller molcules.

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