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Understanding TCP/IP Protocol in Computer Networking

Understand the basics of TCP/IP protocol, binary systems, hexadecimal conversions, and network topologies in computer networking. Learn about IP addressing, layers, and classes, with examples and definitions.

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Understanding TCP/IP Protocol in Computer Networking

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  1. TCP / IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Nyoman Bogi Aditya Karna, ST, MSEE Sisfo – IM Telkom

  2. Sistem yang menyepadankan antara suatu besaran dengan suatu simbol. Decimal : memiliki 10 simbol : 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Binary : memiliki 2 simbol : 0 dan 1 Octal : memiliki 8 simbol : 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Hexadecimal : memiliki 16 simbol : 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F contoh : 110(10) = 110D = 100 + 10 + 0  1x102 + 1x101 + 0x100 110( 2) = 110B = 4 + 2 + 0  1x 22 + 1x 21 + 0x 20 110( 8) = 110O = 64 + 8 + 0  1x 82 + 1x 81 + 0x 80 110(16) = 110H = 256 + 16 + 0  1x162 + 1x161 + 0x160 Sistem Bilangan

  3. Transformasi Sistem Bilangan 1010 1101 B = … … … D 1x27+0x26+1x25+0x24 + 1x23+1x22+0x21+1x20 = 128+ 0 + 32+ 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 1010 1101 B = 1 7 3 D 173D = … … … B 21731 2860 2431 2211 2100 251 220 1 173D = 1010 1101B 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 2726252423 222120 a b c d e f g h (B)

  4. Transformasi Sistem Bilangan A D H = … … … D 10x161 + 13x160 = 160 + 13 A D H = 1 7 3 D 173D = … … … H 16173D A 173D = A D O 4096 256 16 1 163 162161160 a b c d (H)

  5. Transformasi Sistem Bilangan Binary  Hexadecimal 11011011011 B = … … … H bobot : 421 8421 8421 110|1101|1011 6 D B 11011011011 B = 6 D B H Hexadecimal  Binary 6DB H = … … … B 6 D B 110|1101|1011 6 D B H = 11011011011 B

  6. bit (binary digit) adalah suatu simbol biner (‘0’ atau ‘1’) Byte adalah kesatuan 8 bit (contoh : ‘00010110’) Word adalah 1 informasi data, tergantung dari prosesor yg digunakan (80386DX – Pentium4 : 1 word = 32 bit) 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 Byte 1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB = 1058576 Byte 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB 1 kbps = 1 kilo bit per second = 1000 bit per second Istilah

  7. Topologi Jaringan : Bus

  8. Topologi Jaringan : Star

  9. Topologi Jaringan : Bus + Star

  10. Definition: Set of rules ↔ spoken language different hardware will be able to communicate and understand each other protocol for computer networking  network protocol Network protocol :NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP Protocol

  11. NetBIOS and NetBEUI 16 characters naming (15 user’s last name + 1 object type), small LAN (<200 objects), no routing, fewer network utility, simple to install, high compatibility, unlimited session, low memory requirement, solid error detection and recovery IPX/SPX Addition to NETBIOS : routing capability, greater reliability, remote console TCP/IP two sets of protocols: TCP for transmission manager and IP for addressing, highest reliability with error detection and recovery Network Protocol

  12. Application Layer application software that access (receive/send data) a service through specific port Transport Layer split data from application into packets with specific size (usually 1500 byte with transport header) Put additional information (TCP header) to each packet, i.e. checksum and packet number  to ensure reliable transport (packet received without error) Network Layer (or Internet Layer) encapsulates the transport layer data unit in an IP datagram handles the incoming datagram and uses the routing algorithm to determine whether the datagram is to be processed locally or be forwarded Network Interface Layer responsible for accepting and transmitting IP datagram Data Application layer TCP header Data Transport layer IP header TCP header Data Network layer Network Interface header IP header TCP header Data Network Interface layer TCP / IP

  13. Consists of 4 number separated by dot (dotted decimal) Each number is a decimal representation from 8-bit binary (thus create value from 0 to 255) IP address contains Network ID (describe where the network located) and Host ID (describe which object is addressed) Based on Net ID and Host ID, IP address can be divided by 5 classes (A, B, C, D, and E) : Class A : 1.x.x.x – 127.x.x.x Class B : 128.x.x.x – 191.x.x.x Class C : 192.x.x.x – 223.x.x.x CIDR (Classless Internet DR) IP : 00001010 . 00001110 . 11001001 . 01100100 netmask : 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 00000000 Net ID : 00001010 . 00001110 . 11001001 . 00000000  10.14.201.0 IP : 11011110 . 1111100 . 00010100 . 11101000 netmask : 11111111 . 1111111 . 11111111 . 11111000 Net ID : 11011110 . 1111100 . 00010100 . 11101000  222.124.20.232 IP Addressing v.4

  14. http://www.imtelkom.ac.id

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