Fresno PD’s Mobile Broadband Network Project Lead: Capt. P. W. Rhames Date: 1/31/2006

1. OneBrowardNetwork Planning Workshop Fresno PD’s Mobile Broadband Network Project Lead: Capt. P. W. Rhames Date: 1/31/2006 Organization: Fresno Police Dept. Presenter: Capt. P. W. Rhames Country: Fresno, Ca. USA Email: pat.rhames@ci.fresno.ca.us Web site: www.fresno.gov

2. Background • Geographic • 105 sq. miles • On the floor of the San Joaquin Valley, Central California • Terrain is “flat as a pancake” • 475,000 population • California’s 6th largest city • Pervasive, dense tree canopy • Police Department vitals • 825 sworn members • 408 non sworn • 250 PD vehicles data capable • 35 Fire vehicle data capable • 140-160 units on the network at peak times • Current Mobile DataCom network • 5 channel 800MHz mobile data system • 3 tower infrastructure • 9.2 Kbps • Excellent propagation • Current IT infrastructure • PD has dedicated 100 Mbps WAN, T1’s and Fiber Optics • Fiber Optic connections to City Hall and County WAN

3. Project History • Impetus • Need to augment existent Mobile DataCom System • Saturation at workload peaks resulting in slowdown • Does not meet Calif. DOJ encryption requirements • Does not support more intensive usage • Inadequate throughput for future • Key players • Mayor • US COPS Office • Fresno City Council • County of Fresno • Fresno Unified Flood Control District • $750K COPS Technology grant 2002 • Current status(1/30/2006) • Equipment delivered, configured & installed • Site surveys completed • Vehicle installations completed • Coverage testing in progress • Fine tuning of roaming in progress • Developing plan to connect motorcycles

4. Mission statement: To increase the capacity and the effectiveness of Police Department’s data communication system. Project Objectives: Eliminate slowdowns Connection outside vehicle (PDA) Connect motorcycle and detectives to CAD Encryption Video Policing Ad Hoc worksite connections System redundancy Ease of maintenance Incremental build out Roaming Foundation of Regional Mobile DataComm Network Mission & Objectives

5. Possible Solutions • Available alternatives: • Business models • Upgrade current system • Lease from commercial carriers • Acquire additional licensed spectrum • Private broadband network (utilizing unlicensed spectrum) • Network technology • GSM/GPRS/EDGE or equivalent • IP over Radio (narrowband) • IEEE 802.11 (micro-)cells • Wi-Fi mesh solutions • Proprietary macro-cells (pre-WiMAX) • Software solutions • RadioIP • PadCom • ... or equivalent

6. Business Model • Role of various stakeholders • US DOJ COPS Office • Provide the funding • PD • Define the needs • Install majority of the hardware • IBM • Design the solution • Tune the software • Insure the solution works as designed • Targeted users: • Current • PD Personnel (Closed system) • Future • Allied agencies (Regional Mobile DataCom System) • Business Community / Schools (Enhanced crime information) • Partnerships: • City/Feds • City/Vendors (IBM & Data911) • City/County • City/Fresno Unified Flood Control District

7. Project Economics • Cost structure • $750K = System hardware and Software • $100K • Installation labor • Antennae • Investment Sources/ Funding Sources • How is the project funded • US DOJ COPS Technology Grant = $750K • City of Fresno General Fund >= $100K

8. The “Journey”: Grant to Contract • First RFP • Wrote tightly limiting specs of the system based on what we thought we wanted • Required a demonstration of proposed system • Four vendor responses • All 802.11b cell systems • All miserable failures • Second RFP • Rewrote our specs • Defined performance standards • Minimum 100 Kbps throughput • 90% connectivity on major thoroughfares • 1% downtime • Asked the industry to recommend a solution • Required a second demonstration

9. The “Journey” (cont’d) • Responses from eight vendors • More 802.11b cell systems (customized) • Wi-Fi mesh technology • IBM/Alvarion’s 900 MHz macro-cell / Wi-Fi hybrid • Only a mesh solution and IBM/Alvarion qualified for demonstration • Chosen alternative: • IBM/Alvarion’s 5.8GHz / 900MHz / 2.4GHz hybrid

10. Mesh Solution • Pros • Met all basic requirements • “Self Healing” • Roam via PadCom Software • Cons • Expensive • Access point every ¼ mi. • Could not use existent infrastructure • 25% coverage for available funds (optimistic) • Limited by LOS • Did not penetrate into neighborhoods • Required power to street light mounting • Could not “see” over freeway elevations • Could not guarantee performance in large concentration of vehicles

11. IBM/Alvarion Hybrid (5.8GHz / 900MHz / 2.4GHz Overlay Concept) • Pros • Met all basic requirements • Including 256 bit AES encryption • Much less expensive • Use existent infrastructure • Larger Cells, fewer access points • 52% coverage for available funds • Roams between networks (WECM) • Propagates into neighborhoods • Not as limited by LOS • Allows “portable” cell sites • Allows foundation for portable video sites • Incorporates interference filtering • Cons • Required a sole source acquisition process

12. Applications • Current Applications (Data911) • CAD (Unit recommendation tied to AVL) • AVL (Automated Vehicle Location) GPS • Geo-coded units and calls • In Vehicle Mapping • Automated Field Reporting (RPW) • RMS • Photos • Messaging • Pocket RPW (wired version) • Future/Potential Applications • Streaming Video • Video Policing • VOIP • Wireless “Handheld” Connection • Notebooks for motorcycle personnel • Automated Traffic Citation process • Data pushed to County Courts • Citation auto-mailed to violator • Dual computers in same vehicle

13. Deployment • Timeline: past, current & future • Phase One • March 28, 2005 = Signed contract/started work • Scheduled completion = February 28, 2006 • Phase Two • Currently identifying funding • Deployment specifics • Phase One • Use of existing infrastructure • 4 City Towers, 1 County tower, 1 FUFCD Tower, 1 Precinct, 2 Fire stations • 2 School towers and one City Park Tower in progress • T1’s to Microwave (funded by UASI Grant) • 52% coverage of City (busiest area) • Phase Two • Available allied agency towers • Traffic Department’s Fiber Optics network • Schools • Business community structures • Build new towers • Replace T1’s with Radio Back Haul • Sustainability and Scalability of the project • Very scalable • Sustained by public funding • Grants, Asset seizures, General Fund

14. Why Unlicensed Spectrum • Needed immediate performance improvement • Needed encryption • No new mnemonics • Did not want to wait for licensing process; interested in more than “narrowband” data • Did not believe we could justify additional frequencies • Site survey revealed little interference • Consumer 900MHz use is declining

15. Role for 4.9GHz Spectrum • 4.9GHz mesh solution / micro-cell solution likely more expensive than 2.4GHz • Consider funding (!) • Consider coverage (!) • 4.9GHz ideal to backhaul 900MHz mobile cell-sites, buildings (T1-replacement), fixed cameras, etc.

16. Impact Analysis • Anticipated Impacts • Phase One • Significantly increase efficiency. • Significantly increase effectiveness • Optimize value of current infrastructure • Catalyst for regional mobile data connectivity

17. Lessons Learned & Next Steps • Lessons Learned • Should have done first as we did in the second RFP • Stick to identifying needs • Don’t spec what you don’t know • Allow the industry to provide solution ideas • Vendors exaggerate or promise what they can’t deliver • The demos were the smartest thing we did • Take advantage of collaborative infrastructure • Building “new concepts” takes much longer than planned • Next Steps • Find funding for remainder • Find infrastructure

18. End

20. WECM BreezeACCESS VL Base Station (5.8 MHz) F/W WECM server maintains IP session persistence in weak RF areas and encrypts data w/AES 256 bit encryption Up to 30Mbps throughput; 5-10 mile range typical BreezeACCESS 900 Base Station (900 MHz) Cell Handover BreezeACCESS 900 Base Station (900 MHz) Up to 1.5Mbps throughput; 2~5 mile range typical Wi-Fi Hotspot (2.4 GHz)

21. Area Views Medium Level of Trees, 30 – 60 ft. High

22. Network Schematic

23. Installations For Trial Main Base station 900 MHzCell Extenders

24. Equipped Police Car BA 900 SU Radio 5 dBi Omni

25. Connectivity to the System, outside the Patrol Vehicle. Up to 300 ft. LOS and 100 ft. Inside common structure

28. Test Area Coverage Gettysburg Valentine Fruit Clinton The test area inside the black square is 2 miles by 2 miles. The shaded areas show the tested coverage. The blue points are the cell locations.

29. Coverage Map

30. Revised Map Coverage