ARIF KAN.G CISCO N/W ASSOCIATE

1. Broadband Wireless Access ARIF KAN.G CISCO N/W ASSOCIATE

2. Broadband Wireless Access Technologies • Wireless Access Technologies • Fixed Broadband Wireless Access (LMDS/MMDS) • Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN / WiFi) (IEEE 802.11) • Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN / WiMax) (IEEE 802.16) • Cellular Mobile Telephony (GSM-GPRS,EDGE / CDMA 2000 1x EVDO,EVDD) (3G-UMTS/WCDMA)

3. LOCAL MULTIPOINT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (LMDS)

4. LOCAL MULTIPOINT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM A new radio based access technology with cellular architecture. LMDS offers flexible high capacity connections to private users and organizations. LMDS can replace existing phone line cable and other infrastructure. LMDS can support services such as voice, data video and internet from different platforms like PSTN and ATM. LMDS can be deployed for providing leased line connectivity to individuals and corporate houses.

5. Local Multipoint Distribution System • Broadband wireless technology operating in the 28-GHz and 31-GHz ranges • Voice, data and video • Data rate in the range of 100s of Mbps • Available 2001? • Line-of-sight technology

6. LMDS Network

7. LMDS Applications Video Central Office PSTN Internet Content & Application Providers Backhaul for Hotspots Data,PSTN Video Access Data,PSTN Video Access LMDS Cell Site

8. LMDS Cells LMDS systems is composed Of cells. To CO LMDS Cell Site

9. Factors Determining LMDS Cell Size • Line-of-sight—LMDS requires direct line • Tall buildings may obstruct line of sight • Solution is to divide area into smaller cells • Antenna height—placed on taller buildings can serve larger cells without obstructions

10. LMDS Signal Obstruction No Signal Shadow Zone To CO LMDS Cell Site Tall Building Obstructs Signal

11. Divide LMDS Cells into Smaller Cells To CO LMDS Cell Site LMDS Cell Site

12. LMDS Antenna Height To CO

13. NETWORK ARCHITECTURE OF LMDS • Network Operations Centre (NOC) • Fiber based infrastructure • Central station • Customer Premises Equipment

14. Network Operations Centre (NOC) • Contains NMS • NMS controls a number of CSs & RSs • NMS can configure maintain and monitor both CS & RS

15. 2.Fiber based infrastructure • Interconnects the network node and the CS • It consists of STM4/STM1 links

16. 3. Central station Sub divided into two units i)Central Controller Station (CCS) ii)Central Radio Station (CRS)

17. 3 i)Central Controller Station (CCS) Provides the interface to Network node It can be connected to different networks such as PSTN/ATM/IP It has interfaces to accommodate STM1/STM4,34Mbps,V5.2, for establishing connections to different networks.

18. ii)Central Radio Station (CRS) Microwave transmission and reception equipments. The height of the antenna should be such that it can provide LOS for the remote stations of targeted area It uses sectored antennae for broadcasting towards remote stations with coverage range varying from 3 to 10 km depending up on the frequencies used.

19. LMDS Hub and Remote Unit LMDS Remote Unit LMDS Hub Unit

20. REMOTE TERMINAL STATION CONTAINS 1.Roof Top unit 2.Network Interface Unit 3.Customer Premises Equipment

22. Roof Top Unit It uses a directional antenna to establish a M/W link with the Central station NIU connects the RTU to CPE. NIU provides the gateway between RF components and in building appliances NIUs are available in scalable and non scalable forms depending upon customer requirements.

23. Scalable(configurable)NIU • A scalable NIU is flexible and fully configurable. • It can support two way digital wireless voice,data and video communication for commercial and business use. • NIU is configured by the NOC at the CS. • NIUs of this type allows N/W operators to meet customer’s requirement efficiently. • Costly and is suitable for higher end users

24. Non scalable NIU. • Not configurable.Provides a fixed combination of interfaces • Cost effective and suitable for medium sized business and home segments.

25. FREQUENCY BANDS • LMDS services are available in 3.5GHz,10.5GHz,26GHz and 28GHz. • Frequency Coverage • 3.5GHz (3.4-3.6) 10-15km • 10.5 (10.15-10.65) 8-10km • (24.5-26.5) 3-5km • 28 (27.5-29.5) 3-5km

26. The data rate and coverage depends on frequency used and the Geo climatic factors. • At frequencies above 10GHz rain attenuation is predominant. • The higher frequency bands are suitable for high density high bit rate users in small area. • Low frequency LMDS can cover a large area containing scattered low data users. • BSNL plans to procure the systems in 10.5GHz and 26 GHz frequency bands on primary basis.

27. Capacity • The bandwidth of the radio channel used will normally be 28MHz. • The system is normally configured with four sectors in a cell and one carrier per sector. • The number of sectors can be increased or decreased depending upon the traffic. • The traffic carrying capacity in Mbps depends on the modulation technique employed in the equipment which is vendor dependent,

28. Benefits of LMDS • lower deployment costs • ease and speed of deployment • systems can be deployed rapidly with minimal disruption to the community and the environment • fast realization of revenue • demand-based build out • services and coverage areas can be easily expanded as customer demand warrants • cost-effective network maintenance, management, and operating costs

29. Disadvantages of LMDS • Disadvantages • Requires line-of-sight between buildings; LMDS network is limited by surrounding objects • Affected by precipitation; LMDS systems are susceptible to interference from rain and fog

30. MULTICHANNEL MUTIPOINT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (MMDS)

31. Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System Similar to LMDS, MMDS can transmit video, voice, or data signals at 1.5 Mbps downstream and 300 Kbps upstream at distances up to 35 miles

32. MMDS Layout By using lower frequencies, MMDS signals travel longer distances and provide service to cells that are up to 35 miles across Pizza box (13 x 13 inch) directional antennas are mounted at receiving location

33. MMDS Pizza Box Antenna

34. Second Generation MMDS • Work is underway for Second Generation MMDS • Stronger signal will eliminate line-of-sight requirement, increase coverage in cell, and simplify antenna installation • Speeds may reach up to 9 Mbps downstream and 2.0 Mbps upstream

35. Advantages of MMDS • Advantages • Signal strength—low frequency MMDS RF signal travels farther and with less interference than high-frequency LMDS RF signals • Cell size—seven times larger than area covered by LMDS transmitters • Cost—MMDS is less expensive than LMDS

36. Disadvantages of MMDS • Disadvantages • Requires direct line-of-sight—makes installation difficult and eliminates locations blocked by taller obstructions • Security—Unencrypted transmissions may be intercepted and read • Limited markets—available in limited areas in USA

37. CABLE TV IS GOING WIRELESS

38. MMDS - Introduction • Broadband wireless technology • Used for Satellite TV signal transmission • MMDS is also known as Wireless Cable • the frequency range used is • 2.1 to 2.7 GHz. • In US 2.5 to 2.7 MHz (200MHz Band width) • Maximum coverage area is about 70 Km • Maximum transmitter power is about 100 watts.

39. MMDS - Introduction • Maximum no of analog video chls that can be transmitted in the Band is 33 analog video channels which were 6 MHz wide. • But in the same band, about 99 Digital video chls can be transmitted • The MMDS frequency band has room for several dozen analog or digital video channels, along with narrowband channels that can be used by subscribers to transmit signals to the network. • The narrowband channels were originally intended for use in an educational setting (so-called wireless classrooms).

40. WiFi

41. What is Wireless LAN / WiFi

42. WiFi is the wireless way to handle networking • It is also known as 802.11 networking and wireless networking. • The big advantage of WiFi is its simplicity. • You can connect computers anywhere in your home or office without the need for wires. • The computers connect to the network using radio signals, and computers can be up to 100 feet or so apart.

43. WLAN (WiFi), IEEE 802.11 • Wireless Ethernet standards • IEEE 802.11 • The Initial release of the standard capable of transmissions of 1 to 2 Mbps and operates in 2.4 GHz band . • IEEE 802.11a • Capable of transmissions upto 54 Mbps and operates in 5 GHz band . • IEEE 802.11b • Capable of transmissions of upto 11 Mbps and operates in 2.4 GHz band . • IEEE 802.11g • Capable of transmissions upto 54 Mbps and operates in 2.4 GHz band

46. 802.11 range Comparisons

47. Wi-Fi in Metro Access • Wifi was originally designed to replace wired last mile (Indoor Ethernet). However operators are trying to use Wi-Fi in Metro Access environment (Outdoor Ethernet). Although not designed for outdoor use, operators are deploying two different approaches to use Wi-Fi as Broadband Metro Access. • Wi-Fi with directional antenna • Wi-Fi with a mesh-network topology

48. Internet Increasing 802.11 Range Using Directional Antennas 802.11 Last Mile Networks Proprietary Solutions Wi-Fi Subscriber Station With High-Gain Antenna Ethernet Wi-Fi Telco core network Or private (fiber) network Wi-Fi Internal Access Point with hub Ethernet Wi-Fi Access Point With High-Gain antenna Customer Premise (Home, Business or HOTSPOT)

49. HOT SPOT • A hotspot is a connection point for a WiFi network. • It is a small box that is hardwired into the Internet. • The box contains an 802.11 radio that can simultaneously talk to up to 100 or so 802.11 cards. • There are many WiFi hotspots now available in public places like restaurants, hotels, libraries and airports. • You can also create your own hotspot in your home, as we will see in a later section.

50. Adding WiFi to a Computer • Buy a 802.11a, 802.11b or 802.11g network card. • For a desktop machine, install the card inside the machine, or a small external adapter that connect to the computer with a USB cable. • For a laptop, a PCMCIA card that is slide into a PCMCIA slot on the laptop. Or buy a small external adapter and plug it into a USB port. • Install the card • Install the drivers for the card • Find an 802.11 hotspot • Access the hotspot.