The Age of Exploration

1. The Age of Exploration Europe looks outward.

2. The Age of Exploration • A period of European voyages of exploration and discovery, long-distance trade and commerce, and the outward expansion of European power (colonialism) and influence. • Many areas of the world, which before had been unaware of each other’s existence, now came into contact with each other.

3. British Empire

4. French Empire

5. Spanish Empire

6. Portuguese Empire

7. DUTCH EMPIRE

9. Areas of the world colonized by Europeans: 1400-1925

10. Things Brought to Other Regions of the World • European cultural attitudes. • Religion • Ideas on government. • Technology. • Language

11. Portugal Spain France England Netherlands ATLANTIC POWERS: Eng Neth France Spain Portugal

12. The Rise of the Atlantic Rim • In the 16th Century, the economic and political center of power of Europe shifted to the Atlantic Rim. Why do you think this happened? • In formulating your response, think of what you have learned about the following: the rise of trade and towns, the rise of national monarchies, the political condition of Italy, the Protestant Reformation.

13. Spice Trade Before 15th Century

14. FOUR ROUTES to the EAST • ITALY: East Mediterranean • PORTUGAL: South around Africa • SPAIN: West across the Atlantic • ENG/FR/NETH: Northwest Passage

16. Portuguese Caravel

17. Caravel: New type of heavy ship • Multiple sails: Efficient use of wind

18. Iberian Peninsula in the 15th Century

19. Surrender of Granada

21. Spain gets into the act… Columbus sails west across the Atlantic Ocean seeking Asia

23. Search for the Northwest passage

24. The Spanish in Mexico

26. Quetzalcoatl

27. Tenochtitlan

29. Aztec Temple of the Warriors

30. Aztec Human Sacrifice

34. IMPACT ON HUMAN POPULATIONS: • Population decline in the Americas • Population rise globally • Population shifts

37. 40% Caribbean Islands • 36% Brazil • 20% Spanish America • 4% British America TEN MILLION AFRICANS AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE

38. Raw Finished goods Materials Slaves

39. Mercantililism • Closed economic system • Designed to enrich the “mother country” • Colonies provide raw materials • Mother country supplies finished goods • Goal=favorable balance of trade • Inefficient • Smuggling • Resentment