1 / 26

UNIT 4 part 5: THE MUSCLES!

UNIT 4 part 5: THE MUSCLES!. MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES. *The names of muscles often describe them…a name may indicate a muscle’s relative size, shape, location, action, number of origins, location of attachments, or the direction of its fibers .*. MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES. Examples:

abel
Download Presentation

UNIT 4 part 5: THE MUSCLES!

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. UNIT 4 part 5: THE MUSCLES!

  2. MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES *The names of muscles often describe them…a name may indicate a muscle’s relative size, shape, location, action, number of origins, location of attachments, or the direction of its fibers.*

  3. MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES Examples: • Triceps brachii: having 3 heads (triceps) or points of origin and located in the brachium (arm). • Pectoralis minor: of small size (minor) located in the pectoral region (chest). • Zygomaticus: located over the zygomatic bone in the face. • Internal (abdominal) obliques: Located near the inside with fibers that run obliquely (in a slanting direction).

  4.  Muscles of Facial Expression: ● Lie beneath the skin of the face and scalp and are used to communicate emotion through facial expression

  5.  Muscles of Facial Expression: What do these do? Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Zygomaticus Platysma Buccinator

  6.  Muscles of Mastication: ● These muscles attach to the mandible and are used in chewing Masseter Temporalis

  7.  Muscles that move the head: ● Muscles in the neck and upper back used to move the head: Sternocleidomastoid

  8.  Muscles of the Neck, Shoulder, & Torso: • Deltoid- abduction of arm • Pectoralis major- arm to chest flexion • Latissimus dorsi- arm away from chest extension • Trapezius- stabilizes, raises, retracts & rotates scapula

  9.  Muscles of the Neck, Shoulder, & Torso: • External abdominal oblique- when pair contracts together, aids rectus abdominus; if just one  trunk rotation • Rectus abdominus- stabilize pelvis during walking • Serratus anterior- pushing/punching “boxer’s muscle”

  10.  Muscles of the Neck, Shoulder, & Torso: • External intercostals- open up rib cage (increase volume) • Internal intercostals- contracts rib cage (decrease volume) Breathing!

  11.  Muscles of the Arm: • Biceps brachii (flex) • Triceps brachii (extend)

  12. Flexors of arm/hand • Extensors of arm/hand

  13.  Muscles of the Hip & Leg: • Gluteus maximus- major thigh/leg extensor; complex & powerful! • Gluteus medius- steadies pelvis; important in walking, etc.

  14.  Muscles of the Hip & Leg: • Sartorius- flexes & laterally rotates thigh/leg • Gracilis- adducts thigh/leg

  15.  Muscles of the Hip & Leg: QUADRICEP MUSCLES • Vastus lateralis- extends knee; leg flexion • Rectus femoris- extends knee; leg flexion • Vastus medialis- extends knee; leg flexion • (vastus intermedius underneath; don’t need to know)

  16.  Muscles of the Hip & Leg: • Gastrocnemius- one of two major muscles of calf (plantar fexion); • Soleus- calf muscle underneath gastrocnemius (plantar fexion) • Tibialis anterior- dorsiflexion of foot

  17.  Muscles of the Hip & Leg: HAMSTRING MUSCLES • Biceps femoris- extends leg back & flexes knee • Semitendonosus- extends leg back & flexes knee • Semimembranosus- extends leg back & flexes knee • *Patellar ligament (tendon) • *Calcaneal tendon (Achilles)

  18. Rectus femoris- patellar tendon

  19.  Miscellaneous: • Retinaculum- strong ligaments that secure a group of tendons in place

  20. Diseases/Conditions that Affect the Muscular System: • Lou Gehrig’s (ALS): motor neurons break down so the impulse can’t travel to muscles • Botulism: toxin produced by a particular strain of bacteria; interferes with the release of acetylcholine  die of respiratory failure

  21. Myasthenia gravis: blocks acetylcholine from nerve (body’s immune system produces antibodies that block muscle receptors) • Curare: drug that blocks acetylcholine released from a nerve

  22. As a Result of Diseases/Conditions, Muscles can have: • Muscle atrophy: degeneration & loss of muscle mass • From bed-rest or loss of neural stimulation

More Related