Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

1. Which of the following is NOT part of the axial skeleton? • skull • vertebral column • pelvis • rib cage

2. Which of the following provides support for the body, attachment sites for muscles, and protection for internal organs? • skin • spinal cord • skeleton • joints

3. Which of the following is NOT a function of bones in the human skeletal system? • store minerals • regulate body temperature • move body parts • protect organs

4. How many bones are found in an adult human skeleton? • 150 • 200 • 206 • 212

5. The main function of the skull is to • produce blood cells. • protect the heart and lungs. • protect the brain. • act like a lever for muscle attachment.

6. Which of the following contains nerves and blood vessels and runs through the compact bone? • osteocytes • Haversian canals • bone marrow • periosteum

7. Which of the following is true about red marrow? • It makes blood cells. • It stores fat. • It produces new bone. • It is found in compact bones of adults.

8. The periosteum is a • place for storing fat cells. • location for red blood cell production. • tough layer of connective tissue surrounding a bone. • latticework structure that adds strength to the bone.

9. Where are Haversian canals located? • in the periosteum • running through compact bone • running through cartilage • running through spongy bone

10. Which of the following is NOT true about spongy bone? • It is less dense than compact bone. • It is organized into structures that resemble a bridge’s supporting girders. • It is soft and spongy. • It adds strength to bone without adding mass.

11. What is the skeleton of an embryo mainly composed of? • bone • cartilage • bone marrow • growth plates

12. What is the function of cells called osteoclasts? • build and maintain bone • break down bone • support the skin • produce blood cells

13. If a bone is broken, which of the following produces new bone tissue to heal the break? • marrow • Haversian canals • osteoblasts • leukocytes

14. Which are mature bone cells embedded in the bone matrix? • osteoblasts • osteocytes • osteoclasts • cartilage

15. Ossification occurs in which of the following? • embryos • newborn children and teenagers • embryos and newborn children • embryos, newborn children, and teenagers

16. Diagram A in Figure 36–1 is an example of a • ball-and-socket joint. • saddle joint. • hinge joint. • pivot joint.

17. Saddle joints are represented in which diagram in Figure 36–1? • Diagram A • Diagram B • Diagram C • Diagram D

18. Which type of freely movable joints in Figure 36–1 are examples of joints that permit only back-and-forth movement? • Diagram A • Diagram B • Diagram C • Diagram D

19. Ligaments connect • cartilage to bone. • muscle to muscle. • bone to muscle. • bone to bone.

20. What body part has a joint that works in a manner similar to a door? • wrist • thumb • skull • knee

21. In Figure 36–2, B is an example of • cardiac muscle. • skeletal muscle. • smooth muscle. • heart muscle.

22. Which diagram(s) in Figure 36–2 show(s) muscles that are striated? • A and B • B • C • A and C

23. Which diagram(s) in Figure 36–2 show(s) muscles that decrease the size of the pupils of your eyes in bright light? • A • B • C • A and C

24. About what percentage of the mass of the human body is made up of muscle? • less than 10 percent • 20 percent • 30 percent • more than 40 percent

25. Where is cardiac muscle tissue located in the body? • heart • ribs • skull • bones

26. Where is the protein called actin located in the body? • ATP molecules • thin filaments • myosin filaments • acetylcholine neurotransmitters

27. In addition to myosin, what other protein is involved in skeletal muscle contraction? • collagen • actin • ATP • chitin

28. What happens when the thin filaments in a muscle fiber slide over the thick filaments? • A muscle contracts. • A muscle relaxes. • A muscle both contracts and relaxes. • A muscle neither contracts nor relaxes.

29. Myosin and actin make up • osteoblasts. • collagen. • myofibrils. • red marrow.

30. According to the sliding-filament model, which of the following steps does NOT occur in muscle contraction? • Myosin and actin filaments come near each other. • Myosin filaments form cross-bridges with actin filaments. • Cross-bridges pull the two filaments past each other. • Actin filaments return to their original positions.

31. What tough connective tissues join skeletal muscles to bones? • joints • ligaments • periosteum • tendons

32. Which of the following types of muscle generally remains in a state of partial contraction when your legs are straight? • skeletal muscle • cardiac muscle • smooth muscle • all of the above

33. Which of the following is NOT true about muscle tone? • It is responsible for keeping the back and legs straight when you’re relaxed. • It is increased through regular exercise. • It describes the tightening of some muscles. • It increases with age.

34. The elbow joint bends when the • triceps muscle contracts. • triceps muscle relaxes. • biceps muscle contracts. • biceps muscle relaxes.

35. Which of the following is NOT true about the effects of exercise on muscles? • It increases muscle tone. • It adds material to the outside of the muscle cells. • It increases the efficiency of the heart. • It can cause muscles to visibly increase in size.

36. The most important function of the skin is • protection. • storing fat. • sweating. • insulation.

37. What two layers make up skin? • keratin and dermis • epidermis and melanin • epidermis and dermis • melanin and keratin

38. The top layer of the epidermis is made of • flat, dead cells. • melanin. • collagen. • healthy, living cells.

39. Which of the following is NOT a function of skin? • helps regulate body temperature • removes body wastes • contracts and relaxes muscles • helps prevent infection

40. What happens when the keratin-producing cells of the skin die? • Melanin and keratin are produced. • An additional dermis layer is formed. • A waterproof coating is formed. • Melanin is produced.

41. Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system? • skin • cartilage • nails • hair

42. From which of the following does the basic structure of hair and nails form? • sweat • melanin • collagen • keratin

43. Individual hairs are columns of cells that died after becoming filled with • keratin. • dermis. • melanin. • sweat.

44. Which of the following are tubelike pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis? • epidermal layers • keratin layers • melanin cells • hair follicles

45. Which of the following structures is NOT formed by keratin? • reptile scales • feathers • tip of the nose • hair

46. Bones provide a system of fixed points on which muscles act to produce movement. _________________________ • True • False

47. The appendicular skeleton consists of the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder area. _________________________ • True • False

48. The periosteum is a tough layer of connective tissue that surrounds a typical bone. _________________________ • True • False

49. Red marrow is made up primarily of fat cells. _________________________ • True • False

50. In adults, cartilage is found in parts of the body where flexibility is needed. _________________________ • True • False