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Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) Background and Election (1952)

Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) Background and Election (1952). Trained Soldiers in WWI Africa / WWII Chief of Staff Columbia University Supreme Allied Commander Ike and Nixon (VP) Likable and “attack dog” Nixon – diplomacy throughout world VS. “Egghead” of Illinois, Adlai Stevenson.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) Background and Election (1952)

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  1. Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) Background and Election (1952) • Trained Soldiers in WWI • Africa / WWII • Chief of Staff • Columbia University • Supreme Allied Commander • Ike and Nixon (VP) • Likable and “attack dog” • Nixon – diplomacy throughout world VS. • “Egghead” of Illinois, Adlai Stevenson

  2. Eisenhower’s Platform: • Strengthen US position – containment wasn’t working (Dems too soft) • Korean “mess” needs to be ended • Use business principles to reduce waste (reduce Gov Spending) • Cut taxes • Expand Social Security by 10 million people • Quest for International Peace • Landslide over Stevenson by 7 million votes, 442-89

  3. Ike’s Style • Both business-like and military style • Sec State John Foster Dulles brought experience and conviction • Diplomat since 1907, served under Wilson at Versailles • aggressive: containment not enough • develop atomic capability as deterrence • promise of a "rollback" of communist power proved to be a hollow one. • Neither in East Germany (1953) • Hungary (1956) • Believed in combining financial prudence with a deterrent of nuclear weapons.

  4. “Dynamic conservative” approach is not as conservative nor as liberal as some wish Liberals like that Ike does these things: • Created Dept of Health, Education, Welfare • Appoints 2nd woman cabinet Sec in OvetaHobby • St. Lawrence Seaway creates public power like TVA • Supported some federal support of education • Expands Social Security • Revised min. wage upward

  5. Dynamic Conservatism • Supported Civil Rights Act 1957 to guarantee political/social equality • yet “doesn’t get civil rights” • Appointed Earl Warren (CA gov.) as Chief Justice to Supreme Court…a liberal court develops • Supported but failed to get more public housing • Extends price supports and “soil bank” to farmers who struggle; paid not to cultivate land in some cases

  6. Dynamic conservatism Raised gas taxes to build the Federal Interstate system: Longest Interstate Routes: • I-90 :Seattle, WA to Boston, MA 3,020.54 miles • I-80 :San Francisco, CA to Teaneck, NJ 2,899.54 miles • I-40 :Barstow, CA to Wilmington, NC 2,555.40 miles Largest public works project ever built in US

  7. Daily Impact of Cold War on American life

  8. The Red Scare: The Hollywood 10 • 10 producers, writers, and directors who had been or were Communist Party members • Refused to testify • 1st amendment • Eventually went to prison • Blacklist or name names

  9. Whittaker Chambers (journalist) said Alger Hiss was passing secret documents Nixon Pumpkin papers “there was a need to clean house” Loyalty oaths Anti-homosexual rules Teachers HUAC (House Committee on Un-American Activities)

  10. The Red Scare: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg • US was looking for suspects • Soviet Union just detonated its first bomb • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were arrested and executed for giving bomb secrets

  11. Joseph McCarthy(ism) • Ever changing undisclosed list of communists working in the government (Wheeling WV) • Part of the larger criticism of Truman’s government and reflected world happenings (China) • Demagogue – people followed him • Korea, Soviets • (A-Bomb, Hydrogen Bomb) • Exemplifies how “broader executive authority was necessary to protect national security” (Gerstle) • Army McCarthy Hearings • 4-5:30 mins • 7:30-9:40

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