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The Finnish Educational System: The Place of Private Schools – autonomy and curriculum

The Finnish Educational System: The Place of Private Schools – autonomy and curriculum. Associate Professor Jari Salminen University of Helsinki Department of Teacher Education e-mail: jari.salminen@helsinki.fi telephone: 19129563. This presentation:. Some theoretical aspects

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The Finnish Educational System: The Place of Private Schools – autonomy and curriculum

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  1. The Finnish Educational System: The Place of Private Schools – autonomy and curriculum Associate Professor Jari Salminen University of Helsinki Department of Teacher Education e-mail: jari.salminen@helsinki.fi telephone: 19129563

  2. This presentation: • Some theoretical aspects • Finnish Private School development • Autonomy and curriculum: the future of Finnish (Private) Schools

  3. School education • past v. future, tradition v. change • dynamo of the modern society: (Hegel, Marx, Dewey, Spencer, Gadamer, Russell) • economy • politics • ideologies • family structures • pedagogical issues

  4. Explanatory framework * • The impact of government-centered political control • Reconciliation of ideological, social and local aspirations • Systemic change • Human capital theory • The reform of economic structures and the distribution of power in political spheres of interest * Tyack, D. 1976; Shulman, L.S. 1997, Salminen, J. 2002.

  5. Political and educational circumstances in Finland until 1870´s • As a part of Sweden, peripheral role • 1809 an independent Grand Duchy of the Russian empire • 1809-1850´s byrocratic, slow development in school education • Tsar Alexander II (1855-1881)

  6. Farming as a profession 1860 90 % 1910 66 % 46 % 1960 35 % 1970 20 % 1975 15 %

  7. 1866 law • a very slow progress • 1890 20 % • 1907 47 % • 1921 compulsory education • 1936 92 % Elementary education: a very slow development

  8. J.V. Snellman 1806-1881 • The Hegelian tradition • finnish language, culture and schools • tradition and new challenges = synthesis • national identity, local values • ”bildung” = ”sivistys” • education = hidden politics • confidence of Russian tsar

  9. Finnish Private School History • Civic society was a very important factor in developing secondary education • Because of: - Russian control and byrocracy - Economy - Different regional demands - Language question - Pedagogigal innovations (swedish speaking schools)

  10. First Private Schools in Finland • 1830-1850 first girlschools were established ( 1849 first statut for private schools) • Private School in Hämeenlinna 1812 • Bergenheim´s Realschool in Turku 1843 • Helsingfors Lyceum 1831-1891 • Behms educational institution in Viipuri

  11. Development 1870-1900 • 1860- several private girlschools, 1870- also finnish speaking girlchools • 1870- finnish speaking lyceums for boys • 1877 Realschool i Fredrikshamn • 1882 Nya svenska läröverket • 1883 Läroverket för gossar och flickor • 1886 Helsingin suomalainen yhteiskoulu

  12. Co-educational schools in secondary level • A most rapid development in Europe • Practical reasons • 1900 32 schools, 4200 pupils (55 % girls) • new curriculum, pedagogical innovations

  13. A very important law December 1884

  14. Private school history 1900-1917 • 1900 co-educational secondary schools in countryside • First special upper-secondary schools: Helsingin maanviljelyslyseo 1908-

  15. The young republic 1917-1945 • civil war 1918 • private school law 1919 • 1918-1944 106 new private secondary schools were established • 1930 economic depression, right wing ideologies: IKL, ASK

  16. Pedagogical development 1917-1945 • A very stabil curriculum • swedish speaking schools more innovative • problematic question between public primary schools and private secondary schools • war time problems

  17. Pedagogical development 1945-1980 • war comission in Helsinki 1945- • new curriculums 1948 • special private schools for music and arts, Steiner school • left wing influence + Swedish model = 9-year comprehensive school 1968 • Difficult period for private schools

  18. Finnish Educational System

  19. Number of private schools 1870 16 schools 1890 40 schools 1910 78 schools 1930 133 schools 1950 210 schools 1970 360 schools 2006 n. 70 schools

  20. Benefits of Private School • School autonomy • Cost effectiviness, less byrocracy • Idealogical aspects • Innovations

  21. Helsper, W. 1996. Pädagogisches Handeln in den Antinomien der Moderne. Einführung in Grundbegriffe und Grundfragen der Erziehungswissenschaft (S. 15-34). Krüger, H-H. & Helsper, W. Leske + Budrich Verlag Opladen 1996.

  22. SOCIETYCULTURE PERSON NATURE

  23. SOCIETYCULTURE CURRICULUM PERSONNATURE

  24. SOCIETYCULTURE paradox of rationality CURRICULUM PERSONNATURE

  25. SOCIETYCULTURE paradox of rationality system V. interactions CURRICULUM PERSONNATURE

  26. SOCIETYCULTURE paradox of rationality system V. interactions CURRICULUM paradox of individualism PERSONNATURE

  27. SOCIETYCULTURE paradox of rationality system V. interactions CURRICULUM compulsion V. freedom paradox of individuality PERSONNATURE

  28. SOCIETYCULTURE paradox of rationality system V. training interactions V.CURRICULUM self-cultivation compulsion V. freedom paradox of individuality PERSONNATURE

  29. SOCIETYCULTURE paradox of rationality paradox of pluralisation system V. traininginteractions V.CURRICULUM self-cultivation compulsion V. freedom paradox of individuality PERSONNATURE

  30. SOCIETYCULTURE paradox of rationality paradox of pluralism system differentation V. V. traininginteractions harmony V.CURRICULUM self-cultivation compulsion V. freedom paradox of individuality PERSONNATURE

  31. SOCIETY CULTURE paradox of rationality paradox pf pluralism system differentation V. V. traininginteractions integrity V.CURRICULUM self-cultivation compulsion V. freedom paradox of individuality paradox of civilization PERSONNATURE

  32. SOCIETYCULTURE paradox of rationality paradox of pluralism system differentation V. V. traininginteractions integrity V.CURRICULUM self-cultivation compulsion distance V. V. freedom nearness paradox of individualism paradox of civilization PERSONNATURE

  33. SOCIETYCULTURE paradox of rationality paradox of pluralisation system differentation V. V. traininginteractions integrity socialisation V.CURRICULUM V. self cultivation compulsion distance maturation V. V. freedom nearness paradox of individualism paradox of civilization PERSONNATURE

  34. SOCIETY teaching V.educationCULTURE paradox of rationality paradox of pluralism system differentation V. V. traininginteractions integrity socialisation V.CURRICULUM V. self cultivation compulsion distance maturation V. V. freedom nearness paradox of individualism paradox of civilization PERSONNATURE

  35. SOCIETY teaching V.educationCULTURE paradox of rationality paradox of pluralism system differentation V. V. traininginteractions integrity socialisation V.CURRICULUM V. self cultivation compulsion distance maturation V. V. freedom nearness paradox of individualism paradox of civilization PERSONself-educationV.developmentNATURE

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