“You hear and use them all the time; now let’s recognize them!”

1. Verbal (3) Prepositional (2) The Phrase… We’ll Start with 3 Overall Kinds: “You hear and use them all the time; now let’s recognize them!” Appositive

2. Definition of a Phrase: A group of words that does NOT have a subject and a verb, and acts as 1 part of speech. In other words…. NOT a complete sentence, but part of a sentence!

3. The Prepositional Phrase! There are 2 kinds of these! “Anywhere a mouse can go!” You know this one already! You know your prepositions so….. this should be easy!!! • The Prepositional Phrase Consists of These Things: • A Preposition • An object (N or Prn) • Any modifiers of that object Remember your song! Don’t forget the Preposition Box!

4. **Hint… find the preposition and go until you see the first noun and stop….that’s your Prepositional Phrase! For Example… 1. He wasriding (on his skateboard). 2. I am a huge fan (ofTwilight). 3. My dad enjoys hunting (in the woods). Find the Prep. Phrases in the following sentences along with the object of the preposition. Find the Prep. Phrase in the following sentences. • We were eating chicken wings at BW3’s. • I watched ESPN on television last night. • He rode his dirt bike through the mud.

5. “There Are 2 Types of Prepositional Phrases.” Example: Sarah is the one (with the pink dress). Adjective Phrase & Adverb Phrase The phrase is describing which one, (a Noun) Let’s start with the Adjective Phrase…what is it? “You know what an adjective is right?” “Yes, it describes a noun or pronoun! So…the definition of an Adj. Phrase is: a prep. phrase that describes a N or Prn.

6. Now…the Adverb Phrase (Another Prepositional Phrase) “Don’t hide! It’s just as easy since you know what an adverb is right?” An Adverb describes: V, Adj., Adv. So…the definition of an Adverb Phrase is: A Prepositional Phrase that describes a Verb, Adjective, or Adverb! Example: We must finish our project (before the holidays). “before the holidays” is describing when to finish (a verb) so it has to be an adverb phrase. And… “before” is a preposition & this is a type of prep. phrase!

7. The End… for Day 1!!!

8. Take 2!!!

9. VERBAL PHRASES… There are 3 kinds • Gerund Phrase • Infinitive Phrase • Participial Phrase “Ok, but what does Verbal mean?” **Verbal: a word that is formed from a Verb, but is used as a N, Adj., or Adv.** Smiling is formed from the verb smile, but is acting as an Adj. describing child. Example: Smiling child “I’m not a verb!” So…A verbal Phrase: has a form of a verb that acts as another POS It’s like a verb in disguise!

10. GERUND PHRASE… A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that is used as a noun! “Wait…what’s a gerund?” For example: (Skiing down that slope) was fun. So, a Gerund Phrase has: - a gerund -a modifier -& the entire phrase is used as a noun

11. Example: (Listening to Scream-O musicat high volume) may require you to have hearing aids later in life! *As you can see, “Listening to Scream-O music at high volume” is the gerund phrase. Listening being the gerund. Listening to Scream-O music at high volume (the gerund phrase) is acting as the Noun in this sentence… Ask yourself…What may require you to have hearing aids later in life? The answer is the Noun, which is the gerund phrase!

12. What do you think? Ok, do gerund phrases always have to come at the beginning of the sentence? NO is correct!!! A gerund phrase can come at the beginning or the end of a sentence. Look! EXAMPLES: Texting at school can get you in trouble. Q: What is the gerund phrase? “Ahh man, that was stupid!” A: Texting at school…(at the beginning of the sentence.) =

13. Examples Continued… Our favorite thing to do this weekend will be playing video games on Xbox. Q: What is the gerund phrase? A: Playing video games on Xbox…(at the end of the sentence.) Playing video games on Xbox is acting as 1 Noun

14. INFINITIVE PHRASE… A verb form that can be used as a Noun, an Adj., or an Adv. *Most infinitives begin with “to”. Example: The crowd grew quiet to hear the movie Stepbrothers What word is the infinitive phrase describing? grew… Making the infinitive phrase act as what part of speech? An Adverb!

15. Let’s Try Some… Tell me the infinitive phrase in each sentence. Tell me if it is used as an N, Adj, or Adv. 1. Hearing Beyonce’s new song is one way to change your mood. Inf. Phrase: to change your mood POS: Adjective, describing way 2. We used the new DVD player to watch Stepbrothers. Inf. Phrase: to watch Stepbrothers POS: Adverb, describing used 3. I learned to laugh and make jokes from Will Ferrell. POS: Noun, because “to laugh and make jokes” is the DO of the verb learned, making that object a Noun. Inf. Phrase: to laugh and make jokes **Remember…Infinitive starts with “to”!!!

16. The Participial Phrase “Isn’t that some kind of a mammal?” What the heck does participial mean? Participial is derived from participle and a participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective. Here are some examples: “No! That’s a marsupial!!! Present participles end in –ing: The smiling child waved. Smiling, a form of the verb smile, is describing the noun child, making it (smiling) an adjective. Examples Continued on next page Def: Verb acting as an Adj.

17. Participle Examples Continued… *Most past participles end in –d or –ed. Some are irregularly formed. Examples: 1. The police officers searched the abandoned warehouse. **Abandoned is a form of the verb abandon and modifies/describes warehouse so it is an adjective. 2. This plate, bought at a flea market, is a valuable antique. **Bought, a form of the verb buy, describes the noun plate, so bought is an adjective here.

18. Ok, so those are participles, but what is a participial phrase? “Well, a phrase is a group of words, so a Participial Phrase must consist of a participle and anything describing it!” Let’s Practice… Tell the participial phrase and the word/s it modifies. 1. Noted for its convenience, FaceBook is used by millions of people. Part. Phrase: Noted for its convenience Word it Modifies: FaceBook 2. IPods are wonderful inventions used by people everywhere. Part. Phrase: used by people everywhere Word it Modifies: IPods

19. Q:What is a gerund phrase? A: Group of words that has a verb form ending in –ing in it w/ other modifiers & acts as a noun. Let's Review Q: What is an infinitive phrase? A. Group of words that has a verb form that can act as another part of speech; **usually starts with “to”.

20. Q: What is an participial phrase? A: A group of words that has a participle and any other modifiers; **the whole phrase acts as an adjective. Reivew Cont.'d

21. Last Practice Before You’re a Pro!!! Identify the phrase in each sentence and then tell what type it is. 1. Some people like listening to hip hop music. Phrase: Listening to hip hop music Type: Gerund 2. American Idol, playing on the TV, looked like a good episode. Phrase: playing on the TV Type: Participial Because ‘playing on the TV’ describes American Idol, making the verb form playing an adjective. Why?

22. Continued Practice… 3. Some believe that Ferdinand Magellan was taken away by zombies. Phrase: by zombies Type: Prepositional Phrase: Adverb Phrase, describing how he was taken

23. Last One!!!!! 4.In the United States, citizens have the right to speak their minds. Phrase: to speak their minds Type: Infinitive Phrase Why? It starts with “to” and it describes “right”, making the verb form speak an adjective. Phrase #2: In the United States Type?: Prepositional Phrase

24. The End for Day 2!!!

25. Take 3!!!

26. The Appositive Phrase Definition of Appositive:A Noun or Pronoun placed beside another Noun or Pronoun to describe it. Definition of Appositive Phrase: Has an appositive and any modifiers. (A group of words with an appositive) Example: I chose 1 person, the girl in the pink, to pass out the papers. Reasoning:“the girl in the pink” is describing person and is placed directly beside that Noun.

27. WE ARE DONE! THE END Now I know all phrases! “Don’t be a dead fish! That was fun right?!?!?!”