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Neural Activation of Skeletal Muscle

Neural Activation of Skeletal Muscle. 1. Neuron Anatomy 2. Resting Membrane Potential 3. Action Potential 4. Synapse: Facilitation and Inhibition 5. Neuromuscular Junction 6. Control of muscle fiber properties by the α -motoneuron a. Action potential pattern and quantity

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Neural Activation of Skeletal Muscle

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  1. Neural Activation of Skeletal Muscle 1. Neuron Anatomy 2. Resting Membrane Potential 3. Action Potential 4. Synapse: Facilitation and Inhibition 5. Neuromuscular Junction 6. Control of muscle fiber properties by the α-motoneuron a. Action potential pattern and quantity b. Neurotrophic influences

  2. Neuron anatomy:axon structure McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

  3. Neuron anatomy: classification Vick, Contemporary Medical Physiology, Addison-Wesley, 1984

  4. Neuron anatomy: ion channels – general model McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

  5. Neuron anatomy: Na+ channel McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

  6. Neuron anatomy: Na+-K+ pump (ATPase) McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

  7. Resting membrane potential (150,000 Na2) Three major factors contribute to the resting membrane potential: 1. Na2+-K+ pump 2. Differential permeability of ions 3. Non-permeable ions (e.g., proteins) Brooks et al. – Fig. 18-2

  8. Resting membrane potential McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

  9. Resting membrane potential Human α-motoneuron Equilibrium potentials (Veq): Nernst equation For ion X: VeqX = 61.5 log10 [X]o/[X]i For K+: VeqK = 61.5 log10 [K]o/[K]i

  10. Action Potential only considering non-gated channels in nerves… The driving forces for action potentials are dependent upon: • Electrochemical gradient of the ions • Veq of the ions From Kandel, Schwartz, and Jessel: Principles of Neural Science; 3rd Ed.

  11. Action potential Brooks et al.

  12. Action potential: saltatory conduction Brooks et al.

  13. Synapses: facilitation and inhibition Transmission at synapses involves release of a chemical neurotransmitter from the pre-synaptic terminal and binding to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron Brooks et al.

  14. Synapses: facilitation and inhibition Brooks et al.

  15. Neuromuscular junction Brooks et al.

  16. Neuromuscular junction Brooks et al.

  17. Neuromuscular junction McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

  18. Control of muscle fiber properties by the α-motoneurona. Action potential pattern and/or quantity b. Neurotrophic influences (substances released from the α-motoneuron that influence gene expression in the muscle fiber)

  19. Control of muscle fiber properties by the α-motoneuron: evidence for the control Cross-innervation McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

  20. Control of muscle fiber properties by the α-motoneuron: evidence for the control Chronic electrical stimulation McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

  21. Control of muscle fiber properties by the α-motoneuron: evidence for the control Chronic electrical stimulation McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

  22. Control of muscle fiber properties by the α-motoneuron: integrated model McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

  23. Neuromuscular junction: Neurotrophic factors McComas, Skeletal Muscle, Human Kinetics, 1996

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