USSR: Stalin and Collectivization

1. USSR: Stalin and Collectivization By: PanosTheodoropoulos and NikitasGeorgakopoulos

2. What is Collectivization? • It was started by Stalin and lasted from the year 1928 to the year 1940 • Its Goals: • Extinguish the classes of urban society • Secure food for the urban Population • Produce enough to export

3. Background Information and Overview • After Lenin’s death farms were confiscated • Farmers were not prepared to support a Communist system • Received no pay for their work • As a result-> burned their crops and animals • Stalin took an authoritarian approach to this problem

4. Ways the Country was Affected • Economically • Politically • Socially

5. Early Economic Effects (1928- 1929) • Peasants slaughtered animals creating greater food shortages than before • Trade unions were converted into mechanisms for mass production • Mass deportations of any opposition • Reduced output

6. Later Economic Effects • By 1932- 61.5% of peasants food stockings were collectivized • By 1939, the sown area of Russia was 1/3 larger than that in 1913 • Output of grain doubled from 1914 • Low income for farmers • Government could sell their produce for great income • Machines were bought with all the surplus money

7. “Dizzy with Success” • Article published by the newspaper Pravda in 1930 • Talks about how all goals have been met • “... some of our comrades have become dizzy with success and for the moment have lost clearness of mind and sobriety of vision” • After this article the pressure of collectivization abated • Reduced number of collective farms for a very short while

8. The Smoke of Chimneys is the Breath of Soviet Russia

9. Lenin Influence • "Small-scale production gives birth to capitalism and the bourgeoisie constantly, daily, hourly, with elemental force, and in vast proportions."- Lenin

10. Political Effects • Stalin began to stray from Marxism • Attempt at decreasing the power of Kulaks • Bureau of West Siberian Regional Executive Committee • Plans on how to find and what to do with kulaks • Opposition within the parties

11. On Forced Collectivization of Livestock

12. Propaganda Effects • The collectivization campaign in the USSR, 1930s. The slogan reads: "We kolkhoz farmers are liquidating the kulaks as a class, on the basis of complete collectivization. • People buying into Stalin’s ideas

13. More Political Effects • Stalin met opposition in an authoritative way • Government responded to opposition by cutting off food supplies to areas of protest • Reasons- sabotaging of collectivization

14. The Holodomor – Ukraine (1932-1933) • This was a famine/genocide • Cut off food supplies to Ukraine • Created internal passports so no one could enter the Soviet Union • Stalin’s reasons • Ukrainians were sabotaging the party • This sabotage was organized by kulaks • Other reasons • Stalin wanted to hit Ukrainian nationalism

15. Photograph from the period of collectivization in Ukraine • Child victim of Holodomor

17. Social Effects • Collectivization- massively opposed by peasants • Deportations to Siberia • More collectivized farms • Still famines and scarcity of food • Ex. Famine of (1932-1933) • Millions of resisters starved to death or were killed

18. Picture of USSR military man shooting peasants

19. Letter of Feigin • Feigin visited farms • Reported that people have a lot less livestock and food than they had before • Shows the results of the opposition by the peasants and the forcible collection of products by the government

20. More Social Effects • Kulaks were sent to Gulag camps • Stalin cut of food supplies to areas that protested

21. Depiction of Gulag camps found in Kersnovskaya’s notebook - prisoner

22. Conclusion • Collectivization was (in the long run) successful in aiding the process of USSR’s industrialization • However, the amount of human casualties and the disrespect towards basic human rights that was exhibited cannot be excused- Stalin admitted the deaths of 10 million people during the collectivization process • The collectivization process is a perfect example of Stalin’s authoritarian approach to government control and how his politics strayed from his declared ideology

23. Works Cited • Primary Sources: • Feigin. "Letter From Feigin." Letter to Sergo [Ordzhonikidze]. 9 Apr. 1932. Soviet Archives Exhibit. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/soviet.exhibit/aa2feig1.html>. • Stalin, Joseph. "Reply to Collective- Farm Comrades." Pravda [Moscow] 3 Apr. 1930: 492-518. Print. • Stalin, Josheph. "Dizzy With Success." Pravda [Moscow] 2 Mar. 1930: 483-91. Print. • USSR. Bureau of the West Siberian Regional Executive Committee. Hrono. 2001. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.hrono.info/dokum/193_dok/19310505kolh.html>. • USSR. Central Committee of All-Union Communist Party. Politburo. On Forced Publication. Print. • USSR. Council of People's Commissars. 1932. Ukrainian Famine. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111famine.html>. • Secondary Sources: • "| Heroes & Villains | Stalin & industrialisation | Background." The National Archives. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/heroesvillains/background/g4_background.htm#3>. • Boyar, Ender. Rep. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.fatih.edu.tr/~enderboyar/collectivefarms.htm>. • Luhovy, Artem Y. "The 1932-33 Famine-Genocide in Soviet Ukraine." 2003 Writing Competition. 23 Feb. 2010. Reading. • Rivers, John. "Collectivization and the War on Peasantry in the USSR, 1930-41." Associated Content. 21 Jan. 2010. Web. 24 Feb. 2010. <http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2612343/collectivization_and_the_war_on_peasantry.html?cat=37>. • "Totalitarianism in Europe (1919 - 1939)." TheCorner. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. <http://www.thecorner.org/hist/total/s-russia.htm>.