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Suicide Trends from 1950-2002: Analysis and Epidemiology

This study examines suicide rates in the United States from 1950-2002, highlighting age, mechanism, and urbanization trends. It provides valuable insights into changes in suicide rates over time.

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Suicide Trends from 1950-2002: Analysis and Epidemiology

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  1. Suicide Trends 1950-2002 Margaret Warner Manon Boudreault Lois A. Fingerhut Office of Analysis and Epidemiology APHA Washington DC 2004 National Center for Health Statistics

  2. Introduction Suicide was the 11th leading cause of death in 2002. Suicide rates have declined since 1950. Year Rate* Rank, cause of death** 2002 10.9 11th 1990 12.5 8th 1950 13.2 12th * Age-adjusted, per 100,000 resident population. ** Ranking is based on number of deaths (as opposed to rates).

  3. Methods • Mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System 1950-2002 • Resident populations from the US Census Bureau used to calculate rates • ICD external cause codes for suicide: ICD-10 1999-02 *U03,X60-X84,Y87.0 ICD-9 1979-98 E950-E959 ICD-8 1968-78 E950-E959 ICD-7 1958-67 E963, E970-E979 ICD-6 1949-57 E963, E970-E979

  4. For data years 1995-2001, the Dept. of Agriculture urban-rural continuum codes were used to differentiate between five levels of urbanization. Detail available with handouts. • The average annual percent changes in suicide rates were estimated using negative binomial regression models. • Where specified, rates were age-adjusted to the year 2000 standard population.

  5. The ICD-9 and ICD-10 external cause of injury mortality matrices were used to classify the mechanism of suicide. The comparability ratio (CR) for suicide between ICD-9 and ICD-10 was 1.00. The three leading mechanisms of suicide, firearm, poisoning and suffocation also had CR’s of 1.00.

  6. Highlights: Age and Mechanism • From 1950 to 1980, suicide rates among those ages 15-34 years increased and rates among those 45 and older decreased. Since 1980, the patterns have been less defined. • Between 1994-95 and 2001-02 suicide rates by single year of age decreased among those younger than 38 years; increased among people 39-59 years and decreased among people 60 years and older • Firearms are the leading suicide mechanism followed by poisoning and suffocation.

  7. Highlights: 1995-2002 • Firearm suicide rates declined among all age and sex groups. Among persons 65 years and older, the 3 leading mechanism-specific suicide rates also declined. • Among 10-14 and 15-19 year olds, overall suicide rates decreased. With the decline in suicide by firearm, suicide by suffocation (hanging) became the leading mechanism for males and females 10-14 years and for females 15-19 years.

  8. Highlights: Urbanization • Suicide rates are higher in counties that are less populated and lower in counties that are more populated. • In 2001, as the level of urbanization decreases the percent of suicides involving firearms increases. A similar pattern was seen in1995.

  9. Suicide rate by age and year of death1950-2000 Age at death (years) 65+ 45-64 35-44 25-34 Deaths per 100,000 population 15-24 Year of death

  10. Suicide rates by single year of age: 1994-95 and 2000-2002 Deaths per 100,000 population

  11. Suicide rates by mechanism among those 10 years of age and over: 1980-2002 Deaths per 100,000 population Firearm Poisoning Suffocation Other Year

  12. Average annual percent change in rates by mechanism, sex and age: 1995-2002 Male Female change 10-14 15-19 20-64 65+ 10-14 15-19 20-64 65+ ns ns ns ns ns ns ns: Average annual percent change is not significantly different from 0. Poisoning not shown, unstable rates for all years.

  13. All Suffocation Firearm Suicide rates, ages10-14 years: 1995-2002 Females Males Deaths per 100,000 pop Unstable rate based on 20 or fewer deaths

  14. All Suffocation Firearm Poisoning Suicide rates, ages 15-19 years: 1995-2002 Females Males Deaths per 100,000 pop

  15. Suicide rates,15 years of age and over by urbanization level: 1995-2001 County Population Decedent’s County of Residence Least Non- metropolitan Non-micropolitan Micropolitan Deaths per 100,000 population (age-adjusted) Small Metropolitan Medium Large Most Year of Death

  16. Mechanism of suicide, 15 years of age and over by urbanization level: 2001 Poisoning Suffocation Firearm Large Medium Small Non-Micropolitan Micropolitan Metropolitan Non-metropolitan Decedent’s County of Residence

  17. For additional questions e-mail Margaret Warner at MWarner@cdc.gov Manon Boudreault at MBoudreault @cdc.gov Lois Fingerhut at LFingerhut@cdc.gov

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