EMSO European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory

1. Paolo Favali Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy EMSO European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory http://www. emso-eu.org/

2. S N GB IR NL D F I P E GR TU EMSO European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory EMSO is a Research Infrastructure of theESFRI Roadmap It is a distributed infrastructure based on a European network offixed seafloor and water column observatories Present state of implementation: EMSO Preparatory Phase Four-years project participated by 12 countries, started in April 2008 with the aim to design and create the legal entity in charge of the infrastructure

3. EMSO is A Marine Research Infrastructure: permanent, large-scale, deep-sea laboratory to observe and study Marine Ecosystems Climate Change Geo-Hazards

4. AOEM-DM The EMSO nodes are located in the ESONET key sites LOOME-DM Mainly: Geo-Hazards Climate change & Ecosystem Permanent installations MARMARA-DM MODOO-DM MOMAR-DM LIDO-DM ESONET NoE The ongoing Demonstration Missions and S&T activities progress towards “permanent” installations

5. Marmara Sea Partners: Turkey, Italy, France EC-ESONET-MARMARA-DM (exp. Sept’09-ongoing) eastern part of the sea at the westernmost end of the fault rupture caused by the 1999 Izmit earthquake. SN4 location Main goals: Relationship between Seismicity & Gas seepage

6. O2 (mM) T (°C) CH4 (mM) DEGASSING EVENTS: preliminary interpretation Apparently a “pulsation” of degassing by bubbles from the seafloor Number of CH4peaks: at least 70 Frequency > 1 peak every 2 days

7. Filtered 10-14 Hz Low frequency oscillations on horizontals at 18:40 (drop T & CH4 peak) 2009-12-13 13:55:30 2009-11-02 18:41:30 Monochromatic ~ 12 Hz at 14:09 for about 6 minutes (during methane peak)

8. Portugal MODUS N-E Atlantic GEOSTAR GEOSTAR Gulf of Cadiz 85 km off-shore 3200 m w.d. R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa Iberian Margin Acoustically linked observatory Partners: Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Morocco EC-NEAREST (exp. Aug.’07-Aug.’08) EC-ESONET-LIDO-DM (exp. Nov’09-ongoing) Main goals: Geo-Hazards & Bio-acoustics

9. Epicentres 09/2007-08/2008 IM Lisbon

10. 2 days Example of pressure signal recorded during NEAREST mission (1cm H2O ~ 1mbar) 40 cm 3 m 2 cm 2 h 1 month

11. Western Ionian Sea (off Catania) • 2005 Real-time data transmission • Recovery for refurbishment • 2010 Re-deployment (ESONET-LIDO-DM) Synergy between the 2 ESFRI infrastructures: KM3NeT and EMSO Main goals: Geo-Hazards & Bio-acoustics, Test site for Neutrino Telescope Geo-hazard and bio-acoustic module 5 km Shore Station 20 km 5 km Bio-acoustic module ROV (operative 4000 m) Web NEMO JB > 2000 m w.d.

12. Z Z N N E E T T a b 200 s Z E N NEMO-SN1 real-time cabled observatory Seismicity: examples of earthquakes recorded Off-shore Peloponnesus (Greece, Feb. 14, 2008): a) MW=6.9; b) MW=6.2 Mw=8.6 off-shore Sumatra (March 28, 2005)

13. ETNA Activity (recorded by SN1)

14. Western Ionian Sea : Capo Passero infrastructure 85 km South East offshore Capo Passero, 3500-m depth (cable deployed 2007, junction box deployed 2009) Shore Station in Capo Passero Harbour Submarine cable 100 km - 20 fibres, DC-sea return Submarine Infrastructure DC/DC Converter 10 kV-375 V NEPTUNE-like design ROV connectors to end users

15. East-Sicily: CREEP undersea deformation lab Study of accelerations preceeding crustal failure CREEP 10-6 10-9 10-22 10-25 PI Phil Meredith, UCL (NERC 2010-2015)

16. EMSO-Preparatory Phase Partnership

17. Governance structure ESONET-VISO COMMUNITY

18. The legal organisation/1 The ERIC is considered a suitable legal form by the funding agencies and the community (Strasbourg - Funding Agencies meeting, February 2010) EMSO-ERIC statutes already drafted, under review by the partners Environmental lawsat each EMSO site already reviewed Legal work for the next months will cover: Finalisation of EMSO-ERIC Statutes Model agreements for sites with already-existing facilities Model sites: Arctic/Norway, Porcupine Abyssal Plain, Sicily

19. The legal organisation/2 Next steps before the end of the Preparatory Phase: MoU among Countries that have shown interest, while the EMSO-ERIC statutes is being finalised Once 3 Member States Countries will ensure the financial commitment application for the EMSO-ERIC Additional Countries will join subsequently

20. Statutory seat with central management Regional Departments (RDs) in charge of the EMSO nodes The RDs shall be either owned or not by the EMSO-ERIC (agreements needed) The management of the future infrastructure

21. Central Management EMSO-ERIC main tasks: Define and deploy the scientific and financial strategy Ensure the open access Coordinate the scientific evaluation of experiments proposed by users Ensure compliance with quality standard Adopt technical standards Ensure steady operation of observatories  in order to provide the collection of long-term time series data Manage, store and disseminate collected data Organise cost efficient cooperation of personnel and technical means including sea operation

22. Regional Department Tasks Deploy observatories Ensure continuous operation (24h x 7d) Contacts with local authorities and stakeholders, local ships, etc… Provide assistance to users in implementing experiments Manage data flow Manage budget to implement the activities at the nodes

23. Interest Currently expressed by Member States EMSO is presently in the roadmap of the following Countries: Italy, France, Germany, Ireland*, Spain, Sweden, Greece, UK, Norway The Prime Ministry of Turkey State Planning Organization (DPT), acting as funding agency for research infrastructures, is considering EMSO as one of the projects to include in the roadmap for Turkey • *EMSO has been designated in Ireland as an "A“ rating in terms of potential investment

24. 2010 2011 2012 2013-2015 2016-2020 EMSO Timeline Upgrade and jointly managed initial sites

25. Long-Term, Real-Time Cabled Observatories DONET (Japan) ● ● ● ● MACHO (Taiwan) ● ● ● MARS (USA) NEPTUNE (Canada) OOI (USA) VENUS (Canada) ● ● ● EMSO ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

26. International Advisory Board Tim Cowles OCEANLEADERSHIP/OOI Martin Taylor Ocean Networks Canada Yoshiyuki Kaneda JAMSTEC (DONET) IngunnNilssenStatOil-Hydro Emilio Migneco INFN - KM3NeT Coordinator Georg Heinrich Hansen NRC - SIOS Coordinator ESFRI representative to be indicated ESFRI TWG ENV Chair (EevaIkonen) Heinz Olbers (as observer) European Investment Bank

27. Synergies with other initiatives EMSO is complementary to other initiatives such as: EUROARGO as the Eulerian counterpart KM3NeT with respect to associate sciences SIOS as the marine component EPOS for marine data ICOS for marine data EUROFLEETS EUROSITES

28. EMSO/EPOS co-ordination • Promote joint plans for deployments (e.g., OBS) • Coordinate the activities and the implementation plans (e.g., inclusion of representatives in Advisory Boards, joint participation to experiments and campaigns) • Find opportunities for meeting and joint discussions • Promote common lobbying initiatives for future calls • Coordinate activities for fund rising

29. Vision • Integrate and enhance the existing infrastructures • Expand the observations in critical, representative locations in particular environments • Develop a global system of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary sustained observatory networks

30. Arctic Norwegian Margin Nordic Sea Porcupine Abyssal Plain Black Sea Ligurian Sea Azores Islands Marmara Sea Iberian Margin Western Ionian Sea Hellenic Arc http://www. emso-eu.org/ Thank you for your attention Paolo Favali EMSO-PP Co-ordinator emsopp@ingv.it