EMSO European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory

1. Paolo Favali Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy EMSO European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory

2. EMSO, a Research Infrastructure of theESFRI Roadmap (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures),is the European network of seafloor observatories (cabled & acoustically linked), constituting a distributed infrastructure for long-term (mainly) real-time monitoring of environmental processes related to ecosystems, global changes and geo-hazards to study also the interactions between geo-, bio- and hydro-sphere S N GB IR NL D F I P E GR TU Favali & Beranzoli, 2009a In the EC-FP7 EMSO Preparatory Phase (12 countries) started in April 2008 for 4 years, with the aim to design and create the legal entity in charge of the infrastructure http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm

4. Long-Term, Real-Time Cabled Observatories DONET (Japan) ● ● ● ● MACHO (Taiwan) ● ● ● MARS (USA) NEPTUNE (Canada) OOI (USA) VENUS (Canada) ● ● ● EMSO ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

5. Scientific Themes • Role of the Ocean in Climate • Turbulent mixing and Biophysical interactions • Ecosystem dynamics and Biodiversity • Fluids and Life in the Ocean Crust • Dynamics of lithosphere and Imaging Earth’s interior http://www.oceanleadership.org/ocean_observing

6. Mantle convection magma chambers hydrothermalism geodetic spreading EQ faults Time & Space scales of major ocean and earth processes Redrawn from figure courtesy of Dudley Chelton, Oregon State University (see also Dichey & Chang, 2001)

7. Interdisciplinary research priorities • • Physical oceanography • water mass characterisation, water column processes, thermodynamics, ice cover, climatology, and impacts on climate change • • Biogeochemistry • global carbon cycle and elemental cycling within the ocean through both physical and biological processes, and ocean acidification • • Marine ecology • distribution and abundance of sea life, ocean productivity, biodiversity, ecosystem function, living resources, and climate feedbacks • Geoscience • transfer from Earth’s interior to the crust, hydrosphere and biosphere, fluid flow and gas seepage through sediments and gas hydrate, non-living resources, sediment transfer to deep-sea and climate change • • Geo-hazards • earthquake and tsunami hazard, volcanic hazard, slope instability and failure

8. SEAFLOOR OBSERVATORY MEASUREMENTS • DATA • multiparametric long-term (years) time-series • measurements of sub-sea and water column • Nutrient analyzers • pH, Eh and alkalinity • hydrocarbon fluorescence • In situ Mass spectrometer • Particle flux trap • Image based particle flux • Pigment fluorescence • Deep biosphere sensors • Time-Lapse Cameras • Holographic imaging • Video • Passive acoustics • Active acoustics • Zooplankton sampling • In situ sample processors with molecular/ genetic probes • In situ respiration • Seismic ground motion • • Gravity • • Magnetism • • Geodesy and seafloor deformation • Fluid related processes monitoring • • Chemical and Aqueous Transport (CAT) • • Pore pressure • • Gas hydrate monitoring • • Dissolved Fe, Mn and sulfide species • • Acoustic tomography • • CTD equipment for hydrothermal vents • • Methane • • Carbon dioxide • • Heat Flow

9. EXAMPLES OF RI SERVICES • Basics • Technical Assistance • Power supply and data transmission (e.g., junction boxes) • Logistics (e.g., ships, underwater vehicles) • Test beds for • Validation of prototype of underwater sensors • Validation of new devices for underwater observatories • Materials in corrosive ambient and lasting high pressure

10. Creation of EMSO organisation body FUNDING AGENCIES AGREEMENT AND COMMITTMENT Technical Economic Plan EMSO-PP will constitute the roundtable to build consensus among Nations Goals of the Preparatory Phase

11. Output: Legal Framework and Governance ESFRI Definition for Distributed RI: • “...is a singular Research Infrastructure, having a unique Name and legal status, Management Structure (director or board of directors), Strategy and Development Plan, Access point for users, Annual Report and Fiscal address although its research facilities are distributed in multiple sites...” “This would range between: • An infrastructure having facilities located in different sites, operated solely by one legal entity, and • An infrastructure set up as a central hub which is responsible for the coordinated operation of several closely coordinated facilities...”

12. Output: financial engineering Member States European Commission Other Stakeholders (e.g., Industry) Funding through RTD programmes or inclusion in DG-REGIO/DG-DEV strategic plans Funding through national programmes Research Infrastructure EIB Loans Up to 50% of project costs

13. Benefits for the Scientific Community • EMSO will bring about a breakthrough on: • Geo-hazard warning • Environmental policies • Understanding the climate impacts and the anthropogenic forcing • High-level training and education of researchers, engineers and technicians • Knowledge and technology transfer • Interaction with industry

14. Impact

15. Benefits for the Society Natural hazard mitigation (earthquakes, tsunamis) Understanding climate changes Marine environment preservation and sustainable development Strong impact on SMEs in marine technologies Potential involvement of the oil companies and biotecnology industries Impact on education and job creation opportunities

16. Running S&T activities Permanent infrastructures Test sites (shallow water) Status of ESONET/EMSO sites

17. SIOS Synergies with other ESFRI Infrastructures

18. Short-term: The EMSO Preparatory Phase will create the legal governance to establish and manage the infrastructure In most of the EMSO sites permanent structures are under development Long-term: Multidisciplinary time series (sub-seafloor, seafloor and water column) to study Ecosystems, Global changes, Earth Sciences and Geo-hazards and for Environment protection Platform for data access and management Marine component of GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GEOSS (Global Earth Observation System of Systems) Perspectives

19. Thank you for your attention Paolo Favali EMSO-PP Co-ordinator emsopp@ingv.it