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Moral Theory

Moral Theory. Top Theories. Non-Normative : descriptive Normative: seeks grounds for determining good Consequentialism : rightness determined by cause or effects of action Egoism: rightness determined by maximizing personal long term best interests.

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Moral Theory

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  1. Moral Theory

  2. Top Theories • Non-Normative : descriptive • Normative: seeks grounds for determining good • Consequentialism: rightness determined by cause or effects of action • Egoism: rightness determined by maximizing personal long term best interests. • Utilitarianism: rightness determined by the general good of all collectively • Act: case by case consideration • Rule: the rules trump the individual case considerations. • Fallibilism: value is subject to revisions. So no end justifies every means. • Deontic • Kant: do no harm

  3. Non-Normative Ethics • Limits Moral discourse to behavioral descriptions. • Asserts no particular grounds comparative approbation of behaviors • May include moral skepticism, emotivism, or other non-cognitive approach.

  4. Normative Ethics • Seeks grounds for behavioral preferences or • Special grounds for the meaning of moral terms like ‘good’.

  5. Consequentialism: Rightness determined by cause or effects of action

  6. Leading Concequentialist Theories • Egoism • Act Utilitarianism • Rule Utilitarianism • Fallibilism

  7. Egoism Rightness determined by maximizing personal long term best interests.

  8. Act Utilitarianism Rightness determined by the general good of all collectively and decided on case by case considerations.

  9. Rule Utilitarianism Rightness determined by the general good of all collectively. Once the greater good is found for a class of behaviors a rule is determined and the rules trump the individual case considerations.

  10. Falliblism Value itself is subject to revision so it is not possible for a token of an end to justify every possible means.

  11. Kantian Deontic Ethics do no harm

  12. Kant’s Categorical Imperative Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law

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