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Visual Argument. Becoming “screen literate” is key to modern awareness . Why do I need to know?. Think about the number of images you see a day. Will the ubiquitous nature of image and text displays decline over the next 100 years?
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Visual Argument Becoming “screen literate” is key to modern awareness
Why do I need to know? • Think about the number of images you see a day. • Will the ubiquitous nature of image and text displays decline over the next 100 years? • Why then should one be “screen literate” – capable of reading images and text as arguments?
Analyzing Visual Arguments • Similar in many ways to analyzing the rhetorical strategies of text alone, the process looks like this: • 1. Observe closely • 2. Make connections within and beyond the image(s) • 3. Draw inferences based on the connections and observations
Cops and Robbers!!! • Calling all witnesses! • You have all witnessed a major crime – someone has stolen Miss McSorley’s favorite book! :o • THE HORROR! • Please help to apprehend the villain! • You will each get a chance to see a picture that was taken at the time of the crime, but look fast, because you only get 5 seconds!
Remember what you saw! When I say to, open your eyes, and write down as much as you can about the scene you saw. Can you figure out who stole the book?
Images compete for attention • The more we are able to “talk” with the image however, the more “scree-literate” we are, the better we become at “reading” the arguments presented. • Consider for a moment the types of different visual arguments you may be bombarded with on a given day.
Social media • Political cartoons • Comic strips • Photographs • Advertisements • Magazines • Newspapers • Online ads • “Reality” Television • Textbooks • College brochures • Cartoons • And that’s not it! Image Variety How many of these types or styles of images do you see a day?
Get out the magnifying glass! • Five aspects of visual arguments: 1. Creator, artist, or distributor 2. Medium of the piece 3. Intended audience, reader, or viewer 4. Content/Purpose 5. Design
Ethos Appeal? Artist, creator or distributor • Observe: • In order to identify the creator of the piece in question • Connect: • What other types of work the artist/developer/company has done? • Draw inferences/conclusions: • About the author’s tone towards/within the piece • The author’s desired effect
Medium • Observe: • The medium being utilized; images, words, sounds, video, animation, graphs, etc. • Connect: • How each aspect of the visual work together to communicate the message – this can be desired or unintended. • Draw inferences/conclusions: • About the desired effect of the medium used.
Intended Audience • Observe: • Who the intended audience of the piece is, with attention to detail. • Connect: • Unstated assumptions with the positive or negative feelings associated with the image(s). • Draw inferences/conclusions: • About the overall impression of the image and the effect on the audience.
Content/Purpose • Observe: • The main purpose of the piece and how it conveys it. • Images as they are displayed – realistic, distorted, caricatures? • Connect: • Cultural values that are evoked by the image(s) – and how those values may be reinforced or questioned. • Draw inferences/conclusions: • About the creator’s claim regarding cultural values.
Caption: “Stop treating your dog like a trashcan.” Purina Dog Food
Design • Observe: • The line of sight – where does your eye go first? • The foreground vs. background images/text • Light and color utilized • Patterns or repeated ideas vs. omitted or distracting images • Connect: • The details observed to the overall design of the piece in order to see how to “read” the image. • Draw inferences/conclusions: • About the intended effect of the design; emotional and logical responses.
Other aspects to consider Along with the five main elements to focus on in a visual or multi-media argument, there are a variety of other factors that contribute to its meaning.
Language used should not be left alone! • Syntax • Diction • Tone • Point of view • Implications • Figurative language • Connotation vs. denotation Word Play A major aspect of advertisements, comics, and even political campaigns.
Political commentary through images From observation to conclusions: what do you see?
Logos Design, colors, appeals, and memory!
This is a “parent store” that opened the slightly cheaper Hollister brand for younger teens (14-18yrs) This is based on a fictional story about “beach shack in So-Cali” in order to attract young buyers! Hollister wasn’t opened to buyers until 2000.