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Birth of a Democratic Nation (2.4)

Birth of a Democratic Nation (2.4). 2a : Describe the origins, purposes and limitations of government and include the contribution of key philosophers and documents. Reasons for feelings of self- gov’t. 1) GB 3K miles away 2) GB practiced Salutary : healthy

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Birth of a Democratic Nation (2.4)

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  1. Birth of a Democratic Nation(2.4) 2a: Describe the origins, purposes and limitations of government and include the contribution of key philosophers and documents.

  2. Reasons for feelings of self-gov’t • 1) GB 3K miles away • 2) GB practiced Salutary: healthy neglect/loose control • 3) GB did not insist on strict enforcement of laws

  3. GB & Policy of Mercantilism • definition: theory that a country’s power depends on its Wealth • Only works if a nation sells more goods (export) than it buys (imports) • GB needed Am colonies to be source of cheap, raw materials

  4. Impact of French & Indian War • Albany Plan of Union • proposed that Am colonies united to form own Fed gov’t • Plan showed colonial leaders had begun to think about joining colonies for a common defense

  5. Rising Tensions • GB wins F&I War & acquired new territory • Am colonists want to settle new land, but… • Proclamation Act of 1763 • declared colonists could not settle west of App. Mts. w/o permission • passed b/c too many settlers were settling W. of mts. which angered Native Americans • British could not afford to fight another war

  6. The Impact of Taxes • Taxes imposed to pay off war debt • Stamp Act • Required stamps to be placed on all printed documents & taxed • Quartering Act • Forced colonists to pay for their own defense • Colonists had to house British troops if asked (no option)

  7. GB Increases Control • Townshend Acts • Tax on glass, lead, paper, and tea imported by colonies • act allowed the British to seize private property w/o due process • writs of assistance: gave British right to search private property w/o a search warrant

  8. The Colonies React • Boycott: refusal to buy British goods • Sons of Liberty • organizations formed to oppose taxes on colonies • Stamp Act Congress • formed to oppose British actions (e.g. taxes) on colonies • Significant b/c 1sttime colonies had joined together to oppose British rule

  9. Boston Massacre • Colonist gather to protest taxes • Result: British soldiers fire into crowd, killing 5

  10. The Colonies React • “no taxation w/o representation”! • no Representatives in Parliament, can’t be taxed

  11. Boston Tea Party • dumped British tea • Impact: British pass Coercive Acts: meant to punish colonists (MA) and restricted civil rights (e.g. trial by jury)

  12. Moving Toward Independence • 1st Continental Congress • formed to est. political body to represent American interests & challenge British actions/control of colonies • Delegates: Representatives

  13. Moving Toward Independence • Demanded rights of colonists be restored & promised to extend boycott of British goods • Independence: self-reliance & freedom from outside control

  14. Moving Toward Independence (cont.) • Division in colonies • Patriots: those in favor of independence from GB • Loyalists: those still loyal to GB

  15. Common Sense • Written by Thomas Payne • message: King a tyrant & bent on seizing power from people • impact: convinced people of need to claim independence

  16. The Declaration of Independence • Major points: • 1. British gov’t did not look after interests of colonists • 2. People have certain rights that are guaranteed • 3. purpose of gov’t is to protect the rights of the people (e.g. life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)

  17. The Declaration of Independence (cont.) • 4. gov’t is based on the consent of the people • 5. Gov’t only has as much power as people give it • 6. people have right to change gov’twhen it is disregarding rights of the people

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