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Efficient Lighting Solutions: Professor CHUNG's Analysis

Understand electricity consumption, light source efficacy, eye mechanisms, and lamp characteristics. Learn cost estimation and energy-saving solutions presented by Professor CHUNG, City University of Hong Kong.

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Efficient Lighting Solutions: Professor CHUNG's Analysis

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  1. True Green Lighting Professor CHUNG, Shu-hung Henry Associate Dean, College of Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong

  2. Overview • Electricity consumption • Efficacy of light sources • How eyes work • Characteristics of different lamps • Cost estimation • Energy saving solution • Conclusion

  3. Electricity consumption Grid-based electric lighting consume about 19% of the total global electricity consumption, 5% to 15% in industrialized countries and 86% in developing countries [1]. Global electricity consumption [1] Eino Tetri, "Concepts and techniques for energy efficient lighting solutions," Helsinki University of Technology

  4. Efficacy of light sources Source: W.P. Lapatovich, “Metal-halide lamp design: atomic and molecular data needed,” Phys. Scr. T134(2009) (Available at http://iopscience.iop.org/1402-4896/2009/T134/014024/pdf/physscr9_T134_014024.pdf)

  5. How eyes work Source: www.howard.k12.md.us/res/eyes/howeyeswork.html

  6. Spectral luminous efficacy for human vision Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/bright.html

  7. Scotopic and photopic visions Source: http://www.visual-3d.com/Education/LightingLessons/Documents/PhotopicScotopiclumens_4%20_2_.pdf

  8. Metal Halide (MH) • Lifetime: 5,000 – 22,000 hours • Efficacy: 100lm/W • Color rendering index (CRI) : 90% Source:http://www.plantlightinghydroponics.com/eye-1000w-5500k-hortilux-horizontal-metal-halide-lamp-p-1873.html Source: www.archithings.com/search/osram+halogen+100w

  9. High pressure sodium (HPS) • Lifetime: 10,000 – 32,000 hours • Efficacy: 150lm/W • Color rendering index (CRI) : 22% Source: Philips SON AGRO 430W HPS Lamps Source: www.planetnatural.com/site/xdpy/kb/hps-lamps.html

  10. Fluorescent (FL) • Lifetime: 8,000 hours (drop of 10-20% light) • Efficacy: 100lm/W • Color rendering index (CRI) : 85% Source: http://www.instructables.com/image/F95AE4AFCHYO8MX/Take-apart-a-Compact-Fluorescent-Bulb.jpg Source: http://www.conservationphysics.org/intro/fundamentals.php

  11. Light Emitting Diode (LED) • Lifetime: 50,000 – 100,000 hours • Efficacy: 60lm/W • Color rendering index (CRI) : 70-80% http://www.bombayharbor.com/productImage/0452548001254038567/Amusement_Led_Lamp.jpg http://www.f3images.com/IMD/Md_images/blue_moon_aquatics_90W_LED_light_spectrum.jpg

  12. Green lighting Energy consumption Light performance Investment return Environmental aspect

  13. HPS and LED Source: http://ltiled.com/led/scotopic_vs_photopic/

  14. Energy and light

  15. Component Cost (FL and LED) Consider the lamp tubes only I. T8 FL lamp • Retail price: HK$30 II. Retrofit T8 LED lamp • Cost of one 0.1W LED: US$0.13 • Required output lumen: 1500lm • Required no. of LED: 200 • Cost of LED for one lamp: US$26 • Cost of mechanical housing: US$5 • Total cost of one LED lamp: US$31 • Retail price: US$80-90 (HK$640 – 720)

  16. Running Cost (FL and LED) Assumptions: • 12-hour service • $1.0/kWh • 5-year service I. T8 FL lamp (30W) • Power consumption in five years: 657kWh ($657) • Replacement of the lamp tube: $30 x 3 ($90) II. T8 LED lamp (20W) • Power consumption in five years: 438kWh ($438) Saving in five years: ($657 + $90 - $438) = $309

  17. Projection of the cost • LED Luminous efficiency : +10% each year • Cost : -10% each year Thus, the overall cost reduction each year: -15% each year. Projection of the cost of an LED lamp: 2010 : US$31 [HK$248] (Retail price : $640 - $720) 2011 : US$26 [HK$208] (Retail price : $536 - $604) 2012 : US$22 [HK$176] (Retail price : $454 – $511) 2013 : US$19 [HK$152] (Retail price : $392 - $441) * 2014 : US$16 [HK$130] (Retail price : $330 - $371) *

  18. Challenges of LED lamps • Color rendering index • Aging problem • Lifetime • Thermal management • Non-standard technical specifications (single supplier ?) Implications: • Is it really necessary to have a separate LED driver? • LED lamp with integrated driver • AC-powered LED

  19. How to save energy in this FL-to-LED transition era ? • Rule of thumb – reducing 1kWh consumption is easier than generating 1kWh • Wait and see the development of LED technology • Small-scale trial with low-power LED light bulbs • Can we do something to help save energy? Other: • Disposal of FL lamps (Any incentive scheme?) • Change all existing FL into LED lamps • Environmental issue • Investment $$

  20. Centralized lighting control Meter room

  21. Advantages of this concept • Suitable for MH, HPS and CFL lamps • Short payback period (about 2 years) • Immediate solution to reduce the energy consumption by 20% ($$ and CO2) • No need to change or modify existing lighting equipment and infrastructure • Optimal Lux level adjustment *Note: It is important to ensure that the voltage supplying to the lamp can be continuously adjusted. Otherwise, the lamp life will be affected.

  22. Conclusions • LED lighting will be the future, but when? • Technology, $$, eco aspects, … • Is that any available solutions that can immediately reduce energy consumption? • Any room to reduce the required luminance level, 100lux  80lux  50lux (but, we have to take care of the visually impaired people) • Is it possible to set up an incentive scheme to make the occupants dispose their CFL in an environmentally friendly way?

  23. Thank you

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