Week 4 Week April 8-12 Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

1. Week 4Week April 8-12Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

2. Week 4 Day 1 • Before: • Question of The Day • During; • PPT notes on Uranus • After: • 3-2-1

3. Week 4 Day 1Question of The Day Answer:

4. Week 4 Day 1Uranus • a gas giant • 7th from the sun • 3 billion Km. from Sun • orbit is an ellipse –stretched circle • At first Uranus was named “GeorgiumSidus”, after George III (the King of England at the time). • Other people called the planet Herschel, in honor of the man who discovered it. • Uranus was suggested, an ancient Greek god who was the father of Saturn, so that the new planet would have a name from mythology like the rest of the planets. • The name Uranus was finally agreed on by everybody in the mid 1800’s.

5. Uranus • year= 84 Earth yr. • day=a little over 17 hr. • blue-green color • small even when viewed through a telescope • methane, hydrogen, helium • core of melted rock • core blends into a dirty ocean of water, ammonia, and other elements • dirty ocean blends into clouds

6. Uranus • winds blow at over 645 km. an hour • At least 15 moons • largest, and furthest away, of Uranus’ moons are Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon • moons are named after characters in the stories of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope • Remaining 10 small moons • discovered by the Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1986.

7. Uranus • all the gas planets have rings • rings of Uranus are a very faint • rings cannot be seen from Earth • seem to be made of larger chunks of very dark, rocky material • Discovered by William Herschel

8. UranusSpecial Features • lies on side • Thought to be result of collision with something • Spins in opposite direction of Earth

9. Week 4 Day 2 • Before: • Question of the Day • During: • PPT Notes on Neptune • After: • Exit Ticket

10. Week 4 Day 2Question of The Day Answer: A

11. Week 4 Day 2Neptune • a gas giant • 8th planet in our solar system • orbit is almost a perfect circle • almost 4.5 billion km. from Sun • orbit almost a perfect circle • named after the Roman god of the sea • year 165 Earth years • day sixteen hours

12. Neptune • almost 4 times the size of Earth • can be seen with binoculars or telescope • small central core of melted rock. • above center is extremely cold water • After water is top layer of hydrogen and helium, with a little methane mixed in • methane gives Neptune its color • winds can blow as fast as 2000 km. per hour at the planet’s equator

13. Neptune • eight moons • two can be seen from Earth • Triton-- over 2600 km. • rest of moons tiny, some as small as 32 km. in diameter • Voyager space missions gave us our info on the moone. • The spacecraft sent back pictures of nitrogen “geysers” erupting on Triton’s surface. • gas giants have rings. • Neptune rings-- small, very dark clumps of rock --about the size of a small car. • also a large amount of dust in the rings • One of the rings has a twist in it.

14. Neptune • Some sources say the astronomers Galle and d’Arrest discovered Neptune on September 23, 1846, although other sources say that it was Adams in 1846. • interesting fact --astronomers were looking for it before it was know to exist. • After William Herschel discovered Uranus, astronomers noticed that Uranus’ orbit didn’t seem to obey the laws of physics. Something was making Uranus move in unexpected ways. Astronomers decided that there must be another planet making Uranus move and they then calculated where the new planet might be.

15. Week 4 Day 3 • Before: • Question of The Day • During: • PPT Notes on Pluto • After: • Exit Slip

16. Week 4 Day 3Question of The Day Answer: B

17. A Planet or Not???? • In 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) demoted Pluto from a Planet to a Dwarf Planet. • Out of the 10,000 members only about 500 were at the meeting to vote on this decision. • 237 voted to demote • 157 voted to keep as a planet

18. What it takes to be a planet!! • As defined by the IAU in August 2006 • Must orbit a sun • Must be big enough for gravity to squash it into a round ball • Must have cleared other objects out of the way in its orbital neighborhood • To clear an orbit it must be able to pull the objects into the planet itself or to sling-shot them around the planet and into outer space

19. Pluto • According to IAU, in 2006, Pluto did not meet third criteria. • New Horizons sent to Pluto • A nine yr. trip • New Horizons spacecraft arrived on Pluto in July 2015. • Because of info. gathered by New Horizon, Plutos right to be a planet was argued at IAU assembly in August 2015.

20. Pluto • Nothing decided in 2015 • Many people calling Pluto a planet again • NASA’s Dawn space ship arrived on Ceres in March 2015 • Evidence gathered leads us to believe Ceres meets planetary requirements. • Ceres first discovered 1-1-1801—classified as planet • Demoted to asteroid 1850 • Promoted to Dwarf Planet in 2006 • IAU 2016 assembly will decide whether or not these two “Dwarf Planets” deserve to be reinstated as Planets!!

21. Week 4 Day3Pluto • a small planet • an outer planet • elliptical orbit • average distance from the Sun --6 billion km. • Origins of name unknown—Possible origins • Pluto is the Roman god of darkness and the underworld. • Pluto is always in darkness. • It may have also have been given its name from the fact that its symbol “PL” are the initials of Percival Lowell, who founded the observatory where Pluto’s discoverer, Mr. Tombaugh, worked.

22. Pluto • Comparison to Earth-ping pong ball to soccer ball • Earth’s moon is larger than Pluto. • can not be seen with a normal telescope from Earth • Pluto is the only planet in the solar system that has not been explored with a spacecraft. • Discovered 1930 -- Clyde Tombaugh

23. PlutoHypotheses • dark frozen world • made of a mixture of rocks and several kinds of “ices” • most of the ices are frozen methane and ammonia • surface temp. are less than -200 degrees Celsius • atmosphere to thin to support life • one tiny moon– Charon • discovered 1978 • half the size of Pluto • No other moon in the solar system is as large, when compared to the planet it revolves around. • Pluto and Charon are so similar in size that some astronomers think of them as a double planet.

24. PlutoSpecial Features • orbit is tilted • Looking at the solar system from an “edge”, most of the planets are in a line like a table top, with the Sun in the middle. This line, or plane, is called the ecliptic. The rest of the planets’ orbits stay on this plane. However, Pluto’s orbit is tilted at an angle to the rest of the solar system. • Pluto spins in the opposite direction from Earth. This means that the dim Sun would rise in the west and set in the east.

25. Week 4 Day 4 • Before: • Question of The Day • During: • Review • After: • Mini-Q

26. Week 4 Day 4Question of The Day Answer: B

27. Week 4 Day 5 • Before: • Question of The Day • During: • Review • After: • Mini Test

28. Week 4 Day 5 Question of The Day Answer: D