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Introduction to 6 th Edition APA: Citations and References

Introduction to 6 th Edition APA: Citations and References. with Heidi Rivers Marshall, MFA. The Writing Center: Quick View. New Website! http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/. The Writing Center: Quick View. Reservation System! http://www.rich37.com/waldenu/index.php. The 6 th Edition.

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Introduction to 6 th Edition APA: Citations and References

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  1. Introductionto6th Edition APA: Citations and References with Heidi Rivers Marshall, MFA

  2. The Writing Center: Quick View New Website!http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/

  3. The Writing Center: Quick View Reservation System! http://www.rich37.com/waldenu/index.php

  4. The 6th Edition • Was released in July, 2009 • About 100 pages shorter; easier to navigate • Reorganized into eight chapters. • Most changes are cosmetic (spacing and so forth) • Expanded reference examples for electronic sources

  5. The 6th Edition: VPAA Policies • New students as of September 2009 who are in programs that require the full APA manual will follow APA 6thed. in foundations courses. • Most other courses (with the exceptions of MSN and MSEd) will be changed to reflect the requirements of the 6th ed. by December 2009 (for students in quarter-based programs) and January 2010 (for students in semester-based programs). • Contact your program chair for more information on which version you should use over the next academic year

  6. The 6th Edition: VPAA Policies • Students working on capstones with an approved proposal as of December 31, 2009,may stick with the 5th edition. • Otherwise, students should abide by 6th edition templates. • The Walden Writing Center will post documents showing differences, along with revised templates, in early fall 2009 (many have already been posted).

  7. APA Refresher • Over the next few slides, we will • Review APA citation format • Review how and when to cite a source • Review APA reference format • Review APA style rules • Point out differences between the 5th and 6th edition in all of the above

  8. Citation Format There are two ways to cite a source in the text of a sentence: You can use a parenthetical citation: There are not many changes between the 5th and 6th editions of the APA Publication Manual (Rivers, 2009). Or, you can use an in-text citation: Rivers (2009) indicated that there are not many changes between the 5th and 6th editions of the APA Publication Manual. The latter is preferred because it demonstrates a higher level of involvement with the literature

  9. Citation Format There is a table (Table 6.1) in the 6th edition manual that demonstrates all variations of citation. Source with one author Parenthetical: (Sinatra, 2007) In-text: Sinatra (2007) Source with two authors Parenthetical: (Sinatra & Garland, 2007) In-text: Sinatra and Garland (2007) Source with three to five authors First parenthetical: (Sinatra, Garland, & Fitzgerald, 2007) Second and subsequent parenthetical: (Sinatra et al., 2007) First in-text: Sinatra, Garland, and Fitzgerald (2007) Second and subsequent in-text: Sinatra et al. (2007) Source with six or more authors Parenthetical: (Sinatra et al., 2007) In-text: Sinatra et al. (2007) . There are some variations on multi-author source citations if you have more than one source by the same authors. Check pp. 208-209 in the 5th edition and pp. 175-176 in the 6th edition.

  10. Citation Format Personal communication Parenthetical: (H. R. Marshall, personal communication, September 17, 2009) In-text: H. R. Marshall (personal communication, September 17, 2009) Secondary source material Parenthetical: (Marshall, as cited in Cook, 2009) In-Text: Marshall (as cited in Cook, 2009) Attributing an assertion to multiple sources Parenthetical: (Paiste, 2004; Sabian, 2005; Zildjian, 2001) alphabetical (as they appear in reference list) and separated by semicolons In-text: Paiste (2004), Sabian (2005), and Zildjian (2001) Multiple sources with same author and year Parenthetical: (Marshall, 2009a)…(Marshall, 2009b)…(Marshall, 2009c) In-text: Marshall (2009a)…Marshall (2009b)…Marshall (2009c)

  11. Citation Format • Notice that we have not yet come across differences between the 5th and 6th edition! • In other words, you do not have to re-learn how to cite sources in your paper. • With these few exceptions:

  12. Citation Format: 6th Edition Changes Per APA (2010), if the first citation in the paragraph is in-text, as it is here, then subsequent in-text citations within this same paragraph do not need to carry a year. However, all parenthetical citations do (APA, 2010). The rule as APA described it is a bit different if the first citation of the paragraph is a parenthetical citation, as is demonstrated on the next slide.

  13. Citation Format: 6th Edition Changes If the first citation in the paragraph is a parenthetical citation, as it is here, then the first in-text citation must carry a year (APA, 2010). APA (2010) also indicated that all parenthetical citations with a paragraph, regardless of the number of previous citations within that paragraph, must carry a year. There are no exceptions to this rule (APA, 2010). In addition, APA has provided new guidelines for how often to cite a source in a paragraph, as is demonstrated on the next slide.

  14. Citation Format: 6th Edition Changes Per the 6th edition Publication Manual, referents such as “the authors said” or “the same author indicated” are no longer sufficient ways to cite a source. If the assertion you make does not refer to the author by name, you must provide a parenthetical citation. For example: Marshall (2009) indicated that proper APA enhances a paper’s scholarly tone. The author also indicated that APA is easy to use if students familiarize themselves with the manual (Marshall, 2009).

  15. Citation Format: 6th Edition Changes When citing a direct quote, you need to cite the page or paragraph number for where that quote appears in the original source. Now, APA no longer accepts the use of a paragraph symbol (¶). Instead, use the abbreviation for the word paragraph: (Jones, 2009, para. 6)

  16. Citation Format: 6th Edition Changes If citing two different authors with the same surname, use the authors’ first initial: M. King (2005) and W. King (2007) discovered King is a more common last name than typically thought.

  17. Reference Format Book Marshall, H. (2009). Best book ever. New York, NY: Publisher House. Chapter in an edited book Timmerman, B. (2009). Best chapter ever. In H. Marshall (Ed.), Best book ever (pp. 14-27). New York, NY: Publisher House. Per 6th Edition, include the state abbreviation in ALL cases, even for well known cities

  18. Reference Format Journal Article Marshall, H. (2009). Best article ever composed. Journal of Good Things, 6(2), 199-207. doi:10.123456789 If there is no DOI: The next preferred option is to reference the journal’s homepage: Marshall, H. (2009). Best article ever composed. Journal of Good Things, 6(2), 199- 207. Retrieved from http://www.journalofgoodthings.com If you cannot locate the journal’s homepage, the last option is to reference the database homepagr: Marshall, H. (2009). Best article ever composed. Journal of Good Things, 6(2), 199- 207. Retrieved http://www.ebscomost.com .

  19. Reference Format Per the 6th edition, include the issue number if the journal is paginated separately by issue. If the journal is not paginated separately by issue, then do not include the issue number: Marshall, H. (2009). Best article ever composed. Journal of Good Things, 6, 1099-1107. doi:10.123456789

  20. Reference Format A source with seven or more authors 5th edition (up to & including six, abbreviate the rest): Timmerman, B., Cook, A. Patterson, J., Wold, K., Marshall, H., King, M., et al. (2009). 6th edition (up to & including seven; if eight or more, include six, insert ellipses, and include last): Timmerman, B., Cook, A. Patterson, J., Wold, K., Marshall, H., King, M., & Walsh, L. (2009). Timmerman, B., Cook, A. Patterson, J., Wold, K., Marshall, H., King, M., … Brown, M. (2009). .

  21. Reference Format Other electronic material Report from an organization Cook, A. (2008). The effect of war on graduate students in the military (Report 601). Retrieved from The Organization For World Peace website: http://www... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Treating warts. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/...

  22. Reference Format DO NOT USE WIKIPEDIA Per APA 6th edition, “Do not include retrieval dates unless the source material may change over time (e.g., Wikis).” In general, you will only need a retrieval date if you are referencing text from the web page rather than from an archived report or pdf. There are few cases, if any, in which such text would be considered a scholarly source, so reference website text sparingly.

  23. APA Style Rules Past tense Use the past tense when discussing the literature that you read: Percy (1935) found Mathieu (1955) argued Korrapati (1975) wrote Lynch (1995) discussed

  24. APA Style Rules Commas Use commas to: Separate elements in a series of three or more (serial comma) Lions, tigers, and bears Set off nonessential information the girl, who was a red head, ate all of my cookies Separate two independent clauses joined by a conjunction Jamie went to the grocery store, and she bought dinner.

  25. APA Style Rules Hyphenation In general, words with prefixes such as non, semi, pre, post, anti, multi,andinterare not hyphenated: pretest, posttest, antibiotic, antisocial, nonprofit, semipro, multiphased, subsample All self- compounds are hyphenated: self-esteem, self-efficacy Proper nouns ending in s have an ’sadded: Rogers’s

  26. APA Style Rules Per 6th Edition, Double Space Block Quotes Zuckerman (2008) advises against the use of block quotes in academic writing. In fact, Zuckerman indicated: Students love block quotations because they fill up a paper. Sometimes they have not even read the entire quote themselves. If they use too many their professors might not give them the credit as writers and researchers that they deserve. (p. 4)

  27. APA Style Rules Headings In the 5th edition, the heading hierarchy is as follows: CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW [L5] History of the Florida Citrus Industry [L1] Oranges at a Glance [L2] Herr Sunkist’s Arrival [L3] Why there are no more apples. [L4]

  28. APA Style Rules 6th Edition Headings Oranges as Indicators for Progress [Title of Paper] History of the Florida Citrus Industry [L1] Herr Sunkist’s Arrival [L2] Why apples didn’t work. [L3] Dependable cheap labor. [L4] Union busting in sunny Florida. [L5] Note that the concept of hierarchy is still the same; they are only cosmetically different

  29. APA Style Rules Numbers Express numbers 10 and above as numerals. Express numbers nine and lower as words Differences are in the exceptions

  30. APA Style Rules 5th edition: Use figures to represent statistical or mathematical functions, percentages, time, dates, age, population size, number subjects/participants, scores, points on a scale, money in about 3 years 6-year-olds 2 weeks ago 3 participants 1 hr 12 min $5 at 7:00 p.m. 75%

  31. APA Style Rules 6th edition: Use figures to represent statistical or mathematical functions, percentages, time, dates, age, population size, scores, points on a scale, money No longer need to express number of subjects/participants as figure if there are fewer than nine (six students participated) Now will express approximate numbers of days, months, and years as a words if they are less than nine (about three years old)

  32. APA Style Rules 5th Edition Seriation The three preferred food choices of State Fair goers are (a) chocolate chip cookies, (b) bacon on a stick, and (c) deep-fried cheese curds (Timmerman, 2009). Timmerman (2009) concluded State Fair goers: 1. Consume more calories than they burn. 2. Regularly suffer severe sun burns. 3. Prefer bacon on a stick to chocolate-covered bacon.

  33. APA Style Rules 6th Edition Seriation; Use bullet points when you do not need to imply a specific order Timmerman (2009) indicated that the preferred food choices of State Fair goers are • chocolate chip cookies, • bacon on a stick, and • deep-fried cheese curds.

  34. APA Style Rules Greater emphasis on this rule in the 6th edition: Third person. To avoid ambiguity, use a personal pronoun rather than the third person when describing steps taken in your experiment. Correct for one author: I reviewed the literature. Correct for more than one author: We reviewed the literature Incorrect: This author reviewed the literature. These authors reviewed the literature.

  35. APA Style Rules • Do not capitalize the names of models or theories (theory of learned behavior). • Do not capitalize the names of disorders or diseases (bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], multiple sclerosis) • Express the word website as one word, lowercase • Use two spaces after the final punctuation mark at the end of a sentence • Double space the reference list • Include the running head on every page in the location of the former page header. Running head is flush left and page number is flush right. • Limit your use of the pronoun we to refer only to yourself and the coauthor(s) of a paper

  36. THE END Questions?

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