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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Science Skills Page 2. What is science? (3:54). 1.1 . Science From Curiosity. Science - system of knowledge & methods used to find it Begins w/ curiosity…ends w/ discovery Curiosity provides ?’s Observing/measuring…means to find answers. Science and Technology.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Science Skills Page 2

  2. What is science? (3:54) 1.1 Science From Curiosity • Science - system of knowledge & methods used to find it • Begins w/ curiosity…ends w/ discovery • Curiosity provides ?’s • Observing/measuring…means to find answers

  3. Science and Technology Science and Technology (1:39) • Science / technology interdependent • Advances in 1 leads to advances in the other

  4. Branches of Science

  5. Big Ideas of Physical Science • Space and Time • universe age • size • Matter and Change • Small amt for universe • Volume/mass • Atoms • Protons, neutrons, electrons • Forces and Motion • Push/pull causes change • Laws will explain • Energy • Many forms • Drives motion • Transferred/never destroyed

  6. Sec 1.2 Using a Scientific Approachp. 7 • Scientific Method - organized plan for gathering, organizing, & communicating info • Goal….to solve problem or better understand observed event

  7. Copy flow chart into your notes

  8. A Scientific Method • Making Observations • Observation – info that you obtain through your senses • Inference – conclusions drawn based on observations • Develop ? / problem • Form Hypothesis • proposed answer to ? • testable

  9. Testing a hypothesis • Manipulated (independent) variable – changed by you to test hyp. • Responding (dependent) variable – changes in response to man. var. • Controlled variable – factors kept constant to test hyp. • Control Group –setup run w/o man.var.

  10. Draw Conclusions – does data support hyp? • Develop Theory • Scientific Theory – well-tested explanation for observations or experimental results • Tells “why” • Theories are never “proved” • Theories may be revised or replaced Scientific Method Rap

  11. Scientific Laws • Scientific law – statement summarizing pattern found in nature • explains “what” • DOES NOT attempt to explain observed pattern in nature

  12. Scientific Models • Scientific Models - makes easier to understand things too hard to observe directly • Ex. Atomic models, models of the solar system, cell models, etc. The Scientific Method (12:07)

  13. Sec 1.3 Measurementp. 14 • Scientific Notation – makes very large / very small #’s easer to work w/ • expressing value as # from 1-10 x power of 10 • Ex. 300,000,000,000 = 3x1011 • .00000006 = 6x10-8

  14. SI Units of Measurement (Metric) • Length – straight line dist. btwn 2 pts. • meters (m) • Mass – amt. of matter in object • grams (g) • Volume – amt. of space occupied by object • liters (L)

  15. Measuring Temperature • 3 temp scales: • Fahrenheit • H2O freezes @ 32°F • boils @ 212°F • Celsius • H2O freezes @ 0°C • Boils @ 100°C • Kelvin (SI base unit for temp) • 0 K – lowest possible temp (= -273.15°C) • K = °C + 273

  16. Significant Figures • Sig Figs are digits in a # that contribute to its precision. • A calculation can only be as precise as it’s LEAST precise measurement.

  17. Sig Fig Rules • ALL non-zero #’s are always significant. • Any zero btwn two sig figs is significant. • Trailing zeros are only significant in the decimal portion. • 13.450 (this zero is a sig fig) • 1400 (these zeros are NOT sig figs)

  18. How many sig figs? • 50.5 • 26.25 • 10,100 • 500 • 650 • .050 • 1.0250

  19. Limits of Measurement • Precision – gauge of how exact a measurement is • Accuracy – closeness of a measurement to the actual value

  20. 1.4 Presenting Scientific Data p. 22 • Scientists organize data using data tables and graphs.

  21. Data Tables • Relate the manipulated and responding variables

  22. Line Graphs • Show changes in related variables • Manipulated (Independent) variable is plotted on the x-axis. • Responding (Dependent) variable is plotted on the y-axis.

  23. Bar Graphs • Often used to compare a set of measurements, amounts, or changes.

  24. Circle Graphs • Show how part relates to the whole • Entire circle represents 100%, and slices represent percentages that make up the 100%

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