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Taxonomy of YOU Review .

Taxonomy of YOU Review. Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Subphylum : Vertebrata Your Class : Mammalia Cousins Classe s: Agnatha Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Amphibia Reptilia Aves. Taxonomy of YOU. Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata. All Subphyla have a common ancestor.

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Taxonomy of YOU Review .

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  1. Taxonomy of YOU Review. • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Subphylum: Vertebrata • Your Class: Mammalia • Cousins Classes: • Agnatha • Chondrichthyes • Osteichthyes • Amphibia • Reptilia • Aves

  2. Taxonomy of YOU. • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata. All Subphyla have a common ancestor. • Subphylum: Urochordata • Subphylum: Cephalochordata • Subphylum: Vertebrata

  3. Phylum: Chordata Notocord Dorsal hollow nerve cord Gills Postanal tail

  4. Subphylum Urochordata: a tunicate or “sea squirt”

  5. nerve cord notochord gut oral opening atrial opening (water that passed through pharynx leaves this way) pharynx with gill slits

  6. Subphylum Cephalochordata: the lancelet Branchiostoma

  7. DORSAL, TUBULAR NERVE CORD PHARYNX WITH GILL SLITS TAIL EXTENDING PAST ANUS NOTOCHORD aorta anus epidermis pore of atrial cavity gonad hindgut segmented muscles tentacles around mouth midgut segmented muscles Fig. 27.4, p. 457

  8. Early fossil vertebrates: Haikouella (top), Myllokunmingia (bottom)

  9. A snake skeleton exhibits defining characteristics of the phylum vertebrata

  10. Agnathans Traits • Ectothermic • No true teeth (Adonts) • Oviparous • External Fertilization • Gills • 2 chambered heart • No scales • Paired fins • No jaw present • Lateral Line System • Cartilage skeleton Examples of organisms: lamprey and hagfish

  11. A hagfish

  12. Tentacles Gill slits (twelve pairs) Mucous glands Gill openings (seven pairs) Fig. 27.7, p. 459

  13. A sea lamprey

  14. Chondrichthyes Traits • Ectothermic • Homodont • Viviparous, Oviparous, Ovoviviparous • Internal Fertilization • Gills • 2 chambered heart • Placoid scales • Paired fins • Jaw present • Lateral Line System • Cartilage skeleton Examples of organisms: SHARKS, RAYS, SKATES, CHIMAERAS

  15. Cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes): Great white shark (top left), silky shark (top right), southern stingray (bottom left), blue spotted stingray (bottom right)

  16. Fig. 27.8, p. 460

  17. Osteichthyes Traits • Ectothermic • Homodont • Oviparous • External Fertilization • Gills • Swim Bladder • 2 chambered heart • No scales • Paired fins • Jaw present • Bony skeleton Examples of organisms: Ray-finned fishes and Lobe-finned fishes

  18. dorsal fin caudal fin muscle segments fin supports brain anal fin olfactory bulb pectoral fin (one of two) pelvic fin (one of two) heart liver anus gallbladder urinary bladder kidney stomach swim bladder intestine Fig. 27.9, p. 461

  19. Ray-finned fishes (class Actinopterygii): yellow perch

  20. Ray-finned fishes (class Actinopterygii): long-snouted sea horse

  21. Anatomy of a trout, a representative ray-finned fish

  22. A coelocanth (Latimeria), the only extant lobe-finned genus

  23. Amphibians Traits • Ectothermic • Homodont • Oviparous • External Fertilization • Lungs, Skin, and Gills • 3 chambered heart • No scales • Tetrapedal • Jaw present • Bony skeleton Examples of organisms: TOADS/FROGS, SALAMANDERS/NEWTS, CAECILLIANS

  24. Amphibian orders: Newt (left), frog (right)

  25. Frogs

  26. Fig. 27.12, p. 463

  27. “Dual life” of a frog (Rana temporaria)

  28. Amniotes • Produce eggs with membranes

  29. Reptilia Traits • Ectothermic • Homodont • Oviparous, rare instances of vivipary • Internal Fertilization • Lungs • 4 chambered Heart/3chambered heart • scales • Tetrapedal • Jaw present • Bony skeleton Examples of organisms: TURTLES/TORTOISES, SNAKES, LIZARDS/ LEGLESSLIZARDS /TUATARAS, CROCODILES/ALLIGATORS

  30. A hatching monitor lizard

  31. olfactory lobe (sense of smell) vertebral column gonad spinal cord forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain regions kidney snout intestine heart unmatched rows of teeth on upper and lower jaws stomach cloaca esophagus liver

  32. Extant reptiles: Desert tortoise (top left), lizard (top right), king snake (bottom left), alligators (bottom right)

  33. venom gland hollow fang Fig. 27.15, p. 466

  34. Sea turtle

  35. ribs of endoskeleton hard shell

  36. Banded gecko, Coleonyx varigatus

  37. Emerald tree boa

  38. Aves Traits • Homeothermic • No true teeth • Oviparous • Internal Fertilization • Lungs with air sacs • 4 chambered Heart • Modified scales: feathers • bipedal • Jaw present • Bony skeleton: porous Examples of organisms: WATERFOWL, PEAFOWL, FLIGHTLESS, RAPTORS, ETC

  39. Fig. 27.16b, p. 468

  40. A small sample of birds: Blue-footed boobies (top left), male peacock (top right), penguins (bottom left), perching bird (bottom right)

  41. Penguin march

  42. Mammalia Traits • Homeothermic • Heterodonts • Oviparous or viviparous • Internal Fertilization • Lungs • 4 chambered Heart • Mammary glands (milk production) • Modified scales: hair • Tetrapedal with minor exceptions of bipedalism • Jaw present • Bony skeleton Examples of organisms

  43. Rodents Scaly anteaters Anteaters Manatees Cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) Elephants Carnivores

  44. Monotremes Even-toed ungulates Primates Chiropterans (Bats) marsupials

  45. Name That Class • Oviparous • No jaw • Ectothermic. • External fertilization and lungs • Viviparous or oviparous • No scales and 2 chambered heart • 4 chambered heart and oviparous • Heterodont • Examples of Amphibian groups. • 2 examples of Chondrichthyans.

  46. Name That Class • Oviparous: All • No jaw: Agnatha • Ectothermic: All except Aves and Mammalia. • External fertilization and lungs: Amphibia • Viviparous or oviparous: Mammalia, Reptilia • No scales and 2 chambered heart: Agnatha • 4 chambered heart and oviparous: Aves, Reptilia, Mammalia • Heterodonts: Mammalia • Amphibians: Frogs, Toads, Salamanders, Newts or Caecillians • 2 examples of Chondrichthyes. Sharks, Rays, Skates

  47. Phylogeny of the major groups of extant vertebrates

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