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East or West ?

East or West ?. Murder. Suicide. JAPAN (125M) Homicides 600 .50 Suicides 32,000 24.9. Number Per 100,000. USA (300M) Homicides 13,000 5.5 Suicides 32,000 11.1 .

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East or West ?

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  1. EastorWest?

  2. Murder

  3. Suicide

  4. JAPAN (125M)Homicides 600 .50 Suicides 32,000 24.9 Number Per 100,000 USA (300M)Homicides 13,000 5.5 Suicides 32,000 11.1 World Health Organization 2007NationMasterCrime in the United States 2005. Department of Justice

  5. East or West? • Ladies first • No! • Slurping soup • Gift-giving • White chrysanthemums • Fashionably late • Working overtime • CEO bonuses • 8. Getting drunk • 9. Touching in public • Candor and openness • Scissors as a gift

  6. Three Principles of Social Behavior in Japan:Rank Harmony Consensus

  7. What would you do? • Have a student club meeting at night. Paper due the next day. • A) Attend meeting, work all night on paper • B) Explain conflict, skip meeting

  8. What would you do? • Have a student club meeting at night. Paper due the next day. • A) Attend meeting, work all night on paper49% Japanese 17% American • B) Explain conflict, skip meeting • 35% Japanese 73% American

  9. Who is the leader? • Quiet competent senior • Eager outgoing junior • Extremely knowledgeable sophomore

  10. What country is most innovative? • Japan • United States

  11. Rank /Hierarchy (Tate Shakai) • Sex (male) • Age • Position • Company • Family background • Father is the authority figure in the family • High respect for teachers(students seem passive)

  12. Company Hierarchy • Seniority based • Promotes stable workforce • Employees rarely job-hop • Employment for life • Senpai – kouhai relationships

  13. The Art of Bowing • Ceremonial—On knees, head touches ground • Full 90—Rulers, presidents, parents & profs • 45o—Older brothers, sisters, teachers, servers • 30o—Subordinates, while walking • Neck bob—Everyday gesture between equals • Bow of shame—Head down

  14. Harmony (wa) • Group vs. individualistic ethic • “We Japan” first • Loyalty to groups and subgroups • “I” means “with the approval of the group” • Consensus over debates • “Mavericks and lone-wolfs frowned upon” • Greatest fear is to becomeostracized “Japanese Culture: A Primer for Newcomers.” http://www.thejapanfaq.com/FAQ-Primer.html

  15. Honne and Tatemae: • Truth and pretext • Real reason and façade • “No” is avoided • “Hai” does not mean “yes”! • The diplomatic versus direct approach • Effort to avoid hurting others & conflict • The image of harmony • “Let’s have dinner sometime” • “I’ll think about it”

  16. Interpersonal Relationships Based Upon Group Memberships ACQUAINTENANCESOTHER COMPANY WORKERS Your Group FAMILY/CO-WORKERS GENERAL PEOPLE STRANGE FOREIGNERS (Gaijin)

  17. Consensus • Must always take into consideration feelings and attitude of group • Young and lower ranking yield to elders • Shouldn’t ask an individual in a group“what do you think”? • Give group time to discuss issues among themselves

  18. Company Life

  19. Company Life

  20. Company Life

  21. Company Life

  22. Business Meetings with Americans • Seniority rules • Seating matters • No one really says what they mean • You can’t ask them what they think • Need to allow time for consensus-building • “Hai” does not mean “yes” • Becoming “tolerant” of women • Harmony at all costs

  23. 4 2 2 Guests 1 1 Hosts 3 3 4

  24. The Iron Triangle & The Empty Center • Politicians, business, bureaucracy • “No one really runs the country” • Tug-of-war for their own interests • Consensus = no one assumes responsibility(lots of finger pointing) • Bloated bureaucracy implements procedures • Lots of red tape • Top people are figureheads (will resign out of a sense of giri); not top-down management “Japanese Culture: A Primer for Newcomers.” http://www.thejapanfaq.com/FAQ-Primer.html

  25. Current Generational Crisis • “Japan has the worst generational inequality in all the world”—Professor, Akita Univ. • 40% of population will be 65 by 2055 • Mounting pension obligations • Seniors holding onto corporate positions • 45% of young workers (15-24) being given “irregular,” low paying dead-end jobs • Only 57% of university grads getting jobs Source: Martin Fackler, New York Times, January 28, 2011

  26. Current Generational Crisis • Innovation and entrepreneurialism are being thwarted • Only 9% of Japanese entrepreneurs in their 20s (25% in US) • Economic and social systems discourage young people from taking risks • The traditional social ethic: “Be a corporate company man for life; slowly work your way up the ladder; get a pension” • 35% of young workers not paying into legally-mandated pension plans Source: Martin Fackler, New York Times, January 28, 2011

  27. Takafumi Horie • Young Internet tycoon • Wore teen shirts to board room meetings • Started hostile takeovers • Accused of securities fraud and falsifying records • Demonized by media as a “symbol of an savory, freewheeling American-style capitalism” • A hero to youth, with half-million Twitter followers (who believe he was “crushed by the reactionary status quo”) Source: Martin Fackler, New York Times, January 28, 2011

  28. Introduction toJapanese Culture

  29. Japanese Art • “The manifestation of the desire to be one with nature.” • “Instead of reproducing visual scenes just as they appear to the eye, Japanese artists prefer to create scenery in a symbolic, stylized and repetitive manner.” Isamu Kurita, “ SETSUGEKKA: Japanese Art and the Japanese View of Nature.”

  30. Japanese Art • The “metaphysics” of nature: • The passage of time (four seasons):Repetitive and orderly cycle of flux • Invisible forces behind nature (form of a mountain, shape of a tree, violent storm): incomprehensible • The energy that creates life (musubi: one life-giving spirit) • West:Nature in Cartesian, material parameters (passive/static) • East: Zoka: Creation and change

  31. Japanese Art • “The close rapport with zoka is the continuous thread that binds all of Japan’s most famous thinkers and artists through history--from Saigyo (1118-1190) and Sogi (1421-1502) to Sesshu (1420-1506) the ink painter to Rikyu (1522-1591), the great innovator of the tea ceremony.”

  32. Japanese Art • “The Japanese do not value a work of art merely as a product of human artistry and technical skill.” • “…art is created as a suggestion of the greater realm of nature, providing a means by which a person, by gazing upon the work or taking it in hand, can come close to appreciate great truths that otherwise are beyond human ken.” • “…a means to morally purify and elevate the world universe…and the beholder.”

  33. Japanese ArtIkebanaTea CeremonyNo TheatreHaiku

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