Standards 3 and 4

1. Standards 3 and 4

2. The Northwest Ordinance- 1787

3. Guidelines for statehood • banned slavery • Encouraged education (set aside land)

4. Louisiana Purchase

5. Jefferson wants to buy FL and N.O. for up to 10 mil • Napoleon offers all of L.P. for $15 mil • OKs purchase on Constitutional authority to make treaties • Doubles size of the U.S.

7. Explore Louisiana Territory • Sacagawea – Indian woman who helps – interpreter and guide • Scientific expedition • Opens up area for westward expansion

8. Adams-Onis Treaty - 1819 • Between Spain and U.S. to get Florida • Also southern Miss and Alabama • Spain gives up rights to Oregon • Spain holds on to Texas

9. Monroe Doctrine • Warned European powers to stay away from the Americas • Colonization in any part of Americas would be seen as act of aggression against the U.S.

10. Jacksonian Democracy • Jackson 1829-1837 – president • More people brought into political arena • Championed common man • More males can vote (money and property qualifications out) • Spoils system – install supporters into political offices • Championed states’ rights • Got rid of Bank of U.S. (strict constructionist)

11. Manifest Destiny

12. America destined to bring democracy to the entire continent • Part of the trek westward

13. Indian Removal Act 1831 • Indian Territory (Oklahoma) • Move all Indians west of Mississippi • Cherokee refuse to leave • Supreme Court says don’t have to • But Jackson orders removal • 1838 Trail of Tears

14. Texas

15. Mexico allows Americans in to Texas after 1821 independence from Spain • Americans want own independence from Mexico – General Santa Ana fights them • Battle of the Alamo – Texans lose battle but win the war • Texas is an independent country - 1836

16. U.S. Annexes Texas 1845 • Mexico not happy about • Border Rio Grande – Mex thought should be further north • Mexican American War • Last 3 years – we win • Gain California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado • Treaty of Guadlupe Hidalgo

17. 1853 Gadsden Purchase

19. Homestead Act 1862 • Land west of Mississippi • 160 acres – farm on 5 years • Direct purchase $1.25 acre – live 6 months

20. South Create more free states North Workers leave for the west Reduce land value Regional Issues about

21. Pacific Railroad Act • Encourage transcontinental railroad • Federal land to RRs per mile of track laid • 1869 RR complete west to east • Promontory Utah – golden spike

22. Regional Differences

23. North • Industrialized • Samuel Slater – textile mills New England • Canals, railroads, steam engines encourage growth • Workers – originally young women from farms • Later immigrants (Irish) worked for low wages

24. South • Farming dominant – plantations • Cotton gin – 1793 – Cotton becomes cash crop • Growth of textile mills in north fed need for more cotton • Great – until after Civil War – one crop economy – led to bad economic times

25. West • Capital from north flowed to west (RRs) • Meat, grain, crops from west to northeast • Manufactured goods to west

26. The Antebellum Period

27. Abolitionism • Second Great Awakening – religious and social awakening • William Lloyd Garrison – abolitionist – published Liberator • American Anti-Slavery Society • Frederick Douglas, Grimke sisters

28. Slavery and State’s Rights • Fugitive Slave Law 1850 • Crime to help fugitive slave • Have to return to owner even if make it to a free state • Federal funds used to return

29. The Missouri Compromise • 1820 • Banned all slavery north of south border of Missouri • Missouri in as slave state • Maine in as a free state

30. Nullification Crisis • Could federal govt legislate the best? • If state did not like a law – could it choose to not obey? Nullify? • John C. Calhoun (SC) 1828 high tariff – felt hurt the South – threatened to nullify • 1832 – SC – Ordinance of Nullification • SC right to secede and nullify • Feds – lower tariff – say can use military force

31. Wilmot Proviso • David Wilmot – PA – tries to end spread of slavery – add a rider to legislation to finance Mex-Am war • Not approved – but adds to debate about slavery

32. Compromise of 1850 • California wants statehood • South afraid upset power in Congress • Cal in • Strengthens fugitive slave laws

33. Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854 • The people decide slave or free

34. Bleeding Kansas Pro-slavery – people into Kansas before vote on constitution = pro slave state Anti-Slave people protest John Brown 1861 in as free state

35. Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott enslaved Af Am • In Missouri – slave state • Moves with owner to free Wisconsin • Back to MO • Slaveholder dies – Scott feels should be set free as lived in Wisconsin • Decision – Af Am – so not a citizen • Court no authority prohibit slavery anywhere

36. The Civil War

37. Abraham Lincoln • Republican • Free Soil • 1860 election wins • Dec 20 SC secedes • Early 1861 other states follow • April 12, 1861 – Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor – federal troops – fired on by Confederates

38. Confederate States of America • Jefferson Davis

40. Emancipation Proclamation- 1863 • Makes war a moral one • Frees slaves in states that are still in rebellion • Invited free slaves to join Union army

41. Gettysburg Address - 1863 • Urged Americans to finish what was started at Gettysburg

42. Sherman’s March to the Sea • Total war • Burned buildings, crops, killed livestock • Surrender signed Appomattox court house by Lee

43. Reconstruction • 13th amendment – abolished slavery • 1865 Freedmen’s Bureau schools, shelter, medical care

44. Andrew Johnson • Pres after Lincoln assassinated • Easy to get back in to Union • Ratify 13th amendment • Say they are sorry – swear oath to union • High ranking officials apply to pres for pardon

45. Black Codes – 1865-1866 • Southern politicians way to keep freedmen on the land • Banned from owning land • Vagrancy laws • 14th amendment – citizenship and equality protection of law – negates these laws

46. Radical Republicans • Want to punish the South • Felt old south was coming back – politicians in power were same as before the war • Reconstruction Acts of 1867 • Divided south into 5 military districts

47. Scalawags • Southerners who cooperated with Reconstruction • Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved south – some to help – some to take advantage of economic opportunity -

48. Sharecropping • Former slaves ( and poor whites) • Rent land from land owner • Pay with part of crop that is harvested • Worked to advantage of land owner not the people working the land

49. End of Reconstruction • 1870 15th amendment all citizens (except women) can vote • Poll taxes, and literacy tests kept many from voting • Compromise of 1877 Contested 1876 election Hayes – Hayes in troops in South out

50. South Without Military • Jim Crow Laws leads to segregated society • Ku Klux Klan – 1866 – terrorizes Blacks – 20th century go on to terrorize – everyone who was not like them