EMERGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS

1. EMERGY & ENERGY SYSTEMS Session 3 Short Course for ECO Interns, EPA and Partners

2. Introduction to Emergy • Emergy definitions and concepts • Fundamental emergy budgets and human interfaces

3. Emergy Definitions • Emergy • Available energy of one kind previously required directly or indirectly to make a product or service (emjoule) • Solar emergy • All energy beginning with solar inputs to the environment (solar emjoule or sej)

4. Review: Concentration Emergy 1E10 sej/t 1E10 sej/t 1E10 sej/t 1E10 sej/t Energy transformed within system 5E5 5E5 1E6 1E6 5E4 1E6 1E10 3E4 2E6 1E6 2E6 1E3 2E4 5E5 5E5 J/t Energy dispersed from system 9.99E9 9.9E6 9.9E4

5. Review: Concentration 1E10 sej/t 1E10 sej/t 1E10 sej/t 1E10 sej/t Sun 1E10 1E7 1E5 1E3 Energy Transfers J/t 1E10 Energy Transfers Joules/time 1E7 1E3 1E5 1E7 1E5 Transformity Solar emJoules/Joule 1E3 1

6. Emergy Definitions:Unit Emergy Emergy values for specific items • Transformity • Emergy per unit available energy, solar emjoules per joule (sej/J) • Specific emergy • Emergy per unit material, solar emjoules per gram (sej/g) 100 sej 10J T = 10 sej/J 100 sej 1g SE = 100 sej/g

7. Emergy Definitions • Empower • Emergy flow per unit time • Solar emjoules per year (sej/yr)

8. Emergy Concepts 300 sej 10J 500 sej 10J 500 sej 50J 800 sej 20J 1420 sej 15J 20 sej 5J • No loss along paths • Emergy is cumulative • Maintenance • Accumulation stops when entity is made • Different uses for different data • Input/output vs. internal processes 120 sej 5J 100 sej 50J Internal 800 sej 620 sej 1420 sej Input/output

9. Emergy Calculations • Energy versus emergy • Multiply energy by unit emergy ratios • Unit emergy ratios used here • Environmental average: 2.61E4 sej/J • Purchased average: 5E5 sej/J 4.20E16 sej

10. Emergy Calculations • Transformity • Use known unit emergy ratios for inputs • Divide total emergy inputs by output energy or mass 4.2E16 sej 4.2E16 sej = 9.25 E5 sej/J 4.54E10 J

11. Main Energy Sources Tide Deep Earth Heat • Solar, deep planet heat, tides 8.06 3.84 Crust Solar Insolation 3.93 Ocean Air Global emergy flow 15.83 E24 sej/yr Biosphere E24 solar emjoules/year

12. Calculating other earth budgets

13. Coupled Sources Tide Deep Heat • Avoid double counting Earth cycle Ocean & Atmosphere Rain Wind Sun Sun Land Area Planet Earth Wind Rain Earth cycle Sun Local Analysis

14. Environment-Economic Interface Recycle Reserves Environment Main Economy, Consumers Sun, Tide, Earth Heat GNP Economic Use Environment Interface Global System

15. Important Input Categories Purchased Fuel Fertilizer Goods & Services Non-renewable River Rain Coal Renewable Soil Sun Wind

16. 3-Arm Diagram Purchased System Name Renewable + Yield = Sum of all Non-renewable Purchased Variation Non-renewable Renewable Yield = Sum of all

17. Services versus Goods • Inherent value in an item, not money paid • Paying for services to retrieve that item Fuel Fertilizer River Rain Services Soil Sun Wind Harvest Market Forest

18. Evaluating Materials Fuel Fertilizer Electricity • Industrial concentration River Rain Goods Services Soil Sun Wind Market Harvest Furniture Forest

19. Emergy and $$ Value for Nature • Emergy to dollar ratio: emdollars • National economic productivity tied to total emergy consumption and flow Fuels Goods & Services Imports Assets $ Non- renewables GNP Sources $ Environmental Production Exports Economic Production Macroeconomic Overview

20. Emdollars • Changes all the time • Different for every nation Fuels Goods & Services Imports Assets Non- renewables $ GNP Sources $ Environmental Production Exports Economic Production Macroeconomic Overview

21. Exercise

22. One way to answer

23. One way to answer