Processing Grain Products

1. Processing Grain Products Ag Processing Technology

2. Major Field Crops in the United States • 7 • Grown for their edible seeds

3. Corn • Most important in US • 35-40% of what is produced annually is grown in the Midwestern states of Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, Minnesota, Indiana, Ohio (in ranking order) • SD is ranked 6th for Corn for Grain Production • Around 80 million acres of land are planted to corn • US accounts for nearly 50% of the corn produced in the world • More than 90 percent of total value and production of feed grains • Less than 10% of the corn grown in the US is for human consumption • Other uses-- livestock feed, alcohol production and other products

4. Wheat • One of the most important crops in the world • Ranks 2nd to corn in US • Primarily used for human consumption • Ground into flour which is then turned into products like bread, cakes, cereal, crackers, macaroni, noodles • Other uses include alcohol and livestock feed

5. Flour Milling • http://www.usm.my/biomatsci/VLECTURE/Flour%20milling%20process/FMP.html

6. Barley • 5th among grain crops produced • Most used for livestock feed • Also important to the malting industry • Malting is the process of preparing grain for the production of alcoholic beverages

7. Oats • 4th in acres produced in the US • Major oat producing states are SD, ND, MN, WI, and IA • 5% of oats are made into oatmeal and cookies • Rest is used for livestock feed • Oats are also used in making plastics, pesticides, and preservatives • Also used in the paper making and brewing industries.

8. From the Field to the Table • A Counsel On Oats... • A tough, old cowboy once counseled his grandson that if he wanted to live a long life, the secret was to sprinkle a pinch of gunpowder on his oatmeal every morning. • The grandson did this religiously and lived to the age of 110. • He left four children, 20 grandchildren, 30 great grandchildren, 10 great great grandchildren and a 50 foot hole where the crematorium used to be.

9. From the Field to the Table • Old Fashioned Rolled Oats – • These are made by steaming the groats and flattening them with a roller.

10. Rye • Least economically important crop • Most is grown in SD, GA, MN, ND, NE • 25-35% used for grain • Otherwise it is used for forage, as a cover crop or as a green manure crop • Rye grown for grain is used for animal feed, flour, whiskey and alcohol production

11. Rice • Most important grain crop grown for human food in the world • Majority grown is for human food, the rest is exported

12. Sorghum • Grown primarily for livestock feed • About equal to corn in food value • Other uses • Forage • Manufacture of syrup and sugar • Making brooms

13. Oilseed Crops

14. Oilseed Crops • Grown for the production of oil from their seeds • Increasing in importance

15. Soybeans • Approx. 60 million acres grown in the US each year • Oil and grain are the major uses • Meal resulting from oil extraction is used as a protein source for livestock

16. Peanuts • Actually a pea • 1 ton of peanuts in the shell yields about 500 lbs of peanut oil and 800 lbs of peanut oil meal • Remaining 700 lbs is mostly shells • Oil is used for livestock feed and as a human protein source • Other food products made from peanuts include peanut butter and dry roasted peanuts

17. Safflower • Produced mainly in California • Oil is used in the production of • Paint • Other industrial products • Cooking oil

18. Flax • Originally produced for fiber that is used to produce linen • Oil produced is called linseed oil • Important in the use of paint and hundreds of other things

19. Sunflowers • Two types commercially grown • Oil type—90% of sunflower production • Non-oil type • Oil is used for margarine and cooking oil • Oil meal is used as livestock feed • Oil can also be used a substitute for diesel fuel in tractors

20. Bio-Diesal: A Renewable Resource • Produced from such oilseeds as rapeseed and sunflower seeds • Recycled vegetable cooking oils and animal fats have proved to be a cheap source of oils • Oils and fats form chemical compounds called esters when they are combined with methyl alcohol under alkaline conditions • These are an improvement over early biodiesels • They work better in cold weather than did the early biodiesel products

21. Specialty Crops

22. Cotton • 15 million bales/year harvested • 9 million are needed in the US and the rest is exported • Seeds are processed to remove oil for the vegetable oil industry • After oil extraction the seed is ground for animal feed

23. Sugar Beets • 35% of the refined sugar in the US

24. Sugar Cane (X) • 65% of the sugar refined in the US

25. Tobacco • Original North American product • Best suited to small farming operation due to the intensity of labor • Cash crop • Production declined in the 1980’s due to decrease in tobacco use but increased again in the 1990’s when export market opened up

26. Seed Crops

27. Producing Seeds for Field Crops • Raised in same conditions as plant will encounter • Subject to inspection and testing to ensure purity and quality

28. Vegetable Seed Production • Produced in isolation • Arid climate is desirable to prevent fungi, bacteria and other organisms • Most are produced on irrigated farms at isolated locations in the western desert region of the US • After harvest seeds are placed in storage under carefully controlled conditions to preserve their ability to germinate

29. Career Areas In Crop Production

30. Career Areas • Broker • Elevator Manager • Grain Handler • Agronomist • Producer • Other