1 / 22

Neurological Basis for Speech and Language

Neurological Basis for Speech and Language. MCB 163: Mammalian Neuroanatomy 01 December, 2005. Bradley Voytek. Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California – Berkeley. btvoytek@berkeley.edu http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~btvoytek. Aphasia. Patient “Tan” (Leborgne)

adamdaniel
Download Presentation

Neurological Basis for Speech and Language

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Neurological Basis for Speech and Language MCB 163: Mammalian Neuroanatomy 01 December, 2005 Bradley Voytek Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California – Berkeley btvoytek@berkeley.edu http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~btvoytek

  2. Aphasia Patient “Tan” (Leborgne) • Could answer questions with gestures • Could say a few curse words, “tan” • Broca hoped to disprove cortical specialty • In autopsy, found an abscess in Tan’s brain • 1865 paper showed localization to left frontal lobe (Broca’s area) Pierre Paul Broca

  3. Aphasia Another region? • Not all language disturbances were speech • Not all disturbances involved Broca’s area • Loss of words comprehension • 1874 paper showed localization to left temporal lobe (Wernicke’s area) Carl Wernicke

  4. Broca’s Area

  5. Wernicke’s Area

  6. Speech & Language Regions • Broca’s (BA 44, 45): Inf prefrontal gyrus • Wernicke’s (BA 22): Post sup temporal gyrus at the T-P junction • Arcuate fasciculus: Axon tract connecting Broca’s with Wernicke’s

  7. Brodmann’s Areas

  8. Types of Disorders • Broca’s & expressive aphasias • Wernicke’s & receptive aphasias • Transcortical motor aphasia • Transcortical sensory aphasia • Conduction aphasia • Global aphasia • Subcortical aphasia • Anomia • Alexia • Apraxia

  9. Broca’s Aphasia Nature • True Broca’s aphasia manifests with damage to several areas including: • Broca’s area • Left insula • Left arcuate fasciculus Symptoms • Loss of fluency and articulation • Inability to repeat complex sentences • Impaired comprehension of complex sentences

  10. Broca’s Aphasia

  11. Broca’s Aphasia MRI Video Patient Video • Did you notice his right arm and hand?

  12. Broca’s Aphasia Anterior insula

  13. Broca’s Aphasia (2005) Anterior insula & arcuate fasciculus

  14. Fluent aphasia • Wernike’s aphasia • Nonsensible speech • Not able to comprehend others speech • Damage to unimodal association cortex in area 22 • Superior temporal gyrus

  15. Nonfluent aphasia • Broca’s aphasia • Agrammatic • Telegraphic speech • Difficulty using the words: but, if, or, to , from

  16. aphasia

  17. Paraphasia Often a feature of other aphasias Neologistic • Invention of new words: • ‘glipt’ or ‘crint’ Semantic • Word substitution, similar meaning: • ‘knife’ for ‘spoon’ Phonemic • Sound substitution: • ‘scoon’ for ‘spoon’

  18. Global Aphasia • Damage so widespread is usually caused by MCA infarct

  19. Global Aphasia

More Related