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From Table 8.10

From Table 8.10 . Learning at all Ages Induces Successful Aging. Aging of the Cardiovascular System. Chapter 16 P.S. Timiras. Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System. Transports O 2 & nutrients to the tissues

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From Table 8.10

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  1. From Table 8.10

  2. Learning at all Ages Induces Successful Aging

  3. Aging of the Cardiovascular System Chapter 16 P.S. Timiras

  4. Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System • Transports O2 & nutrients to the tissues & returns C02 to the lungs and other products of metabolism to the kidney • Regulates body temperature • Distributes hormones and other agents that regulate cell function

  5. Major Components of the Cardiovascular System Heart Pump that circulates the blood throughout the body Vascular System Transports blood to the body tissues Central Nervous System (CNS) Particularly the centers in the medulla that regulate the function of the heart and blood vessels

  6. AtherosclerosisWhat?

  7. Arteriosclerosis: Sclerosis: hardening of the arterial wall and narrowing of the arterial lumenAtherosclerosis:Same as arteriosclerosis PLUS presence of artheroma (yellowish plaque containing lipids and cholesterol) on the arterial wall

  8. AtherosclerosisUniversalProgressiveDeleteriousIrreversible (?)

  9. Fig. 16-3: Natural history of atherosclerosis. Pathogenesis of human atherosclerotic lesions and their clinical manifestations.

  10. Myocardial Infarction

  11. Stroke

  12. Aneurysm

  13. Atherosclerosis Affects the Arteries Arteries: the large arteries, the arterioles, & the capillaries See Box 16-1, Fig. 16-1, Fig. 16-2 (pgs. 287-289)

  14. Progressiveness of Atherosclerosis • Onset at young age • Progression through adulthood • Culmination in old age with overt disease manifestation • Consequences leading to severe disability & death

  15. END

  16. Extracellular cholesterol and cholesterol-filled macrophages (foam cells) accumulate in subendothelial space. Subsequent structural modifications of LDL particles render them more atherogenic. Oxidation of subendothelial LDL attracts monocytes, which enter subendothelium and change into macrophages. Macrophages may take up oxidized LDL to form foam cells.

  17. Fibrous plaque larger than fatty streak and occupies more of the arterial lumen. Thickened cap synthesized by modified smooth muscle cells. Central core consists of extracellular cholesterol. Foam cells surrounding core derived primarily from smooth muscle cells. Fatty streaks may continue to form at periphery of plaque.

  18. Total or partial occlusion of coronary artery due to plaque rupture and thrombosis can cause angina or frank myocardial infarction. Plaques likely to rupture termed unstable. Rupture usually occurs in lipid-rich and foam cell-rich peripheral margins and may result in thrombosis and arterial occlusion.

  19. Table 16-5: General Characteristics of Atherosclerotic Lesions • Early onset -- progressive • Focal lesions • Early lesions • Advance lesions • Damage, Repair, Regression • Progression of localized lesions influenced by: • Local factors: vessel structure and metabolism, blood turbulence • Systemic factors: diabetes, hypertension, stress, genetic predisposition

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