Scuba Diving and On-line Piracy

1. Scuba Diving and On-line Piracy The Common Link in a Web of Conspiracy Casey Nelson & Caryl Gonzalez

2. SCUBA Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus Compressed air tank Buoyancy compensator (BC) Regulator Weight belt Mask, snorkel fins

3. Scuba Diving A brief history� Young skin divers in search of seafood Breath holders Greeks to early 1900s 19th century: effects of water pressure on body, safe limits of compressed diving 1948 Rene Bussoz of Rene�s Sporting Goods in Westwood, California Imported Aqua-Lung

4. Scuba Diving 1960s Equipment improves to similar to what we use today 1983 Dive computer introduced 1990s Advances in technology of mixed gases, full face masks, underwater voice communication

5. Training standards Aqua-Lung (Depression Era) Sold to anyone Formal training programs Military, scientific institutions, dive clubs Neal Hess certifies divers (1950s) Instructors National Diving Patrol Al Tillman (1953) Sports director for LA county World�s first public dive training agency World�s first civilian Underwater Instructor Certification course

6. Training standards 1960s Accident rates for scuba divers increase NAUI (National Assoc of Underwater Instructors) Formed in 1960 More rigorous PADI (Professional Assoc of Diving Instructors) Formed in 1966

7. Basic Concepts You are under pressure while diving The deeper you go, the more water pressure you experience Air tank supplies you with air at pressures equal to the surrounding water Air-filled spaces-you must breathe! Lungs, sinuses, middle ear All these spaces must be filled with air equal to surrounding pressure No diving with cold, sinus congestion or anything that restricts movement of air between these spaces

8. Basic Concepts You must breathe all the time while diving NEVER hold your breath while breathing compressed air As you ascend, the surrounding water pressure decreases Air expands as you ascend Breathe naturally to vent this air Learning to control your buoyancy

9. Basic Concepts What if I run out of air? Guage, extra regulator What if I get too excited? What if something goes wrong? Why you get certified� What if I see a shark? Most experienced divers have never seen a shark

10. Decompression sickness Air= Oxygen + Nitrogen Oxygen At the surface Balance of Nitrogen consumed and eliminated Under increased pressure Concentration of Nitrogen is increased Balance is upset After spending time under pressure, quantity of Nitrogen increases in your tissues Idea is to control amount absorbed and rate it is eliminated

11. Decompression sickness As you ascend, �outgassing� occurs Excess nitrogen passes from the body tissues to blood to lungs and is expired If change in pressure is sudden Nitrogen comes out of solution suddenly Bubbles form in body tissues The �bends�

12. Scuba Diver Scuba Diver or Open Water Certification PADI Scuba Diver is pre-entry level For vacation diving Subprogram of Open Water Certification Open Water Certification is basis of all certifications

13. Open Water Certification Learn fundamental knowledge and skills to dive When finished, competent to dive in open water without supervision Provided diving activities and areas dived are similar to those in training Minimum age is 15yrs Includes classroom sessions, pool sessions and open water dives 3 for PADI, 5 for NAUI

14. Open Water Certification Can dive to 60 ft Daytime diving Equipment: Mask, snorkel, fins, booties Weight belt BC, regulator Book packet with dive charts

15. Open Water Certification Can complete over weekend plus 2 days for open water dive Or�can complete over several weeks, meeting 1-2 times per week plus open water dive Not cheap Class: $175.00 Books: $50.00 Equipment: anywhere from $50-200 depending on quality and what you buy Open water dive: Hotel plus fee for dive ($10-15)

16. Other Certifications Adventure Scuba Diver Boat Diver, Underwater Naturalist, Fish Identification Advanced Scuba Diver 5 Adventure Dives Master Scuba Diver Highest recreational diver level Significant training and experience in wide variety of environments

17. Other Certifications Rescue Diver, Advanced Rescue Diver Night Diver Search and Recovery Diver Underwater Ecologist Wreck Diver Ice Diver Deep Diver Cave Diver, Cavern Diver And on and on and on��

18. http://rbdg.com/reb/dive/Cozumel2003/index.php

19. VERY(!) approximate trip costs: Flower Garden Banks Nat�l Marine Sanctuary 2-3 night live-aboards� $325-400 all inclusive except for tips (10-15%) Trips scheduled thru local dive shops w/ any of 3 charter operators <http://flowergarden.noaa.gov> Cozumel 7 nights w/ Buena Ventura Diving & hotel accommodations � $425 - $700 + travel, meals! Little Cayman @ Pirates Point Resort weekly dive pkg � $1,495 + travel! Galapagos 7 night live-aboard (Sky Dancer) � $2,695 + travel!

20. Local Dive Shops Texas A & M Galveston Diver�s Paradise 20801 Gulf Fwy, Webster, TX 281-332-9982 Sport Divers of Houston www.sport-divers.com 20710 Gulf Fwy, Webster, TX 281-338-1611

21. Local Dive Shops Budget Scuba 5103 East Wallisville Rd, Baytown, TX 281-421-2018 $259.00 for class, books, certification fees, rental gear for open water, pool time Extra for equipment you buy

22. Local Dive Shops Gigglin� Marlin Divers 2211 Richmond, Houston 281-445-3483 Sea Sports Scuba 7543 Westheimer, Houston 713-977-0028

23. Remember� When you go diving, you are usually the most dangerous animal in the water!