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Internet Architecture and Web Applications

Learn about the history of the Internet, its architecture, and the various web applications. Explore the concept of World Wide Web and understand the components of a URL.

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Internet Architecture and Web Applications

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  1. CS 111 – Sept. 29 • Ch. 4 Networking, continued • Internet architecture • Internet applications • W W W • Commitment: • Review notes

  2. Internet • 1960s: the need for a “computer utility” • Military, academic, commercial uses in its history • Network of networks, connected by routers • Maintained by ISPs worldwide • Major ISPs are usually national telecoms • Local ISPs may offer special service, as in a resort • You access Internet by connecting to a “host” machine owned by your ISP

  3. Addresses 2 ways to express URL (Internet address): • IP numbers • Of the form a.b.c.d where each number ranges 0-255 • Ask your ISP for a batch of consecutive IP numbers for your company. • Ex. All Furman IP addresses begin 156.143 • Difficult to remember • Domain names • Dotted notation, but words/letters instead of numbers • Top level domains regulated by national non-profit company, whose monopoly is enforced by law. • ICANN is the arbiter for IP #s and domains for the USA • Name server can convert between address types

  4. Applications • Examples: E-mail, gopher, Web, FTP • Usually connect with specific server that specializes in that application • Server needs to have software that obeys relevant protocol. • Ex. Mail server needs to adhere to mail protocols, etc. • Ex. Web server needs to respond to requests for Web pages • Ex. FTP server should allow users to perform upload/download and directory access • Alternatively, you can log in to a remote machine • Made possible with client programs Telnet or Putty • Putty implements a “secure shell”: encrypts communication

  5. W W W • 24 years younger than the Internet as a whole • World Wide Web = set of linked documents hosted on specific machines called Web servers connected to the Internet • Each document has a URL (based on domain names) • Web terminology: • Web server • Web page • Web site • Web browser • Anatomy of a URL

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