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POTs to 4G and Beyond

POTs to 4G and Beyond. Evolution Phases of Telecom. by P. Abraham Paul E-mail. fcomnet@gmail.com. Plain Old Telephone System - POTS. Old Generation Telecommunication systems . Manual Telephone systems- 300 to 3300 Hz. Voice Only. Wired Telegraph systems using Morse code.

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POTs to 4G and Beyond

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  1. POTs to 4G and Beyond Evolution Phases of Telecom by P. Abraham Paul E-mail. fcomnet@gmail.com

  2. Plain Old Telephone System - POTS • Old Generation Telecommunication systems. • Manual Telephone systems- 300 to 3300 Hz. Voice Only. • Wired Telegraph systems using Morse code. • Wireless Telegraphy using radio channels. • Telecom during early part of Nineteenth Century. • Automatic Telephony: Electromechanical Analogue Systems. • High Speed Telegraphy : Facsimile. • Channel combined transmission systems. • Advancement in Telecom during later part of Nineteenth Century. • Automatic Telephony: Electronic Telephone systems: • SPC Analogue systems • Digital systems handling 64 Kbits Voice, FAX and Data services. • Microwave, Satellite and Optical Fiber transmission systems. Radio Paging: One way data messaging. POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  3. Second Generation Telecom Systems - 2G • Wireless Telecommunication systems. • Analogue Mobile Phone systems – AMPS (American Standard) • Global System Mobile - GSM (European Standard) • Facilities available under 2G systems. • Circuit Switched services for : • -- Voice over 14.5 Kbps up link and down link dedicated channels. • -- FAX and Data service within the band width using internal modems. • -- SMS Short message Service up to 160 Characters. • -- Voice Mail • Mobility: Seamless Roaming within and between Networks. • Intelligent Networks for Pre-paid, VPN etc. • High end Data service under 2 G. • Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) for data adapted for Mobile Handsets. • General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) bearer for always on data access. • Channel combining for higher data rates GPRS for Data and Graphics up to 56 Kbps. POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  4. TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS • Land Line Systems • Over and Cable Carrier Systems • Optical Fiber • Terestrial Systems • VHF, UHF • Analogue and Digital Microwave • Submarine Cable systems • Satellite Communication systems • Global Positioning Systems • VSAT • INMARSAT POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  5. Comparison of Cellular Networks System Air-Interface A-Interface MAP-Interface Services GSM GSM 04.xx GSM 08.xx GSM 09.02 GSM 02.xx PCS1900 J-STD-007 J-STD-024 (IS-651) J-STD-023 (IS-652) IS-104 AMPS IS-91, EIA/TIA-553 IS-634 IS-41 IS-53 D-AMPS IS-136 IS-634 IS-41 IS-53 CDMA IS-95, J-STD-008 IS-634 IS-41 IS-53 GSM Global System for Mobile Communications PCS Personal Communication System AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System (analogue) D-AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System (digital) CDMA Code Division Multiple Access POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  6. GSM, IS-136 and IS-95 technology GSM IS-136 IS-95 Frequency 900 MHz 800 MHz 800 MHz 1,800 MHz 1,900 MHz 1,900 MHz 1,900 MHz Access Method TDMA TDMA CDMA Modulation GMSK p/4 DQPSK QPSK Speech CODEC RPE-LTP VSELP ADPCM 13 Kbit/s 7.25 Kbit/s variable Channel Spacing 200 kHz 30 kHz 1.23 MHz Time Slots 8 (16) 3 (6) NA POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  7. GSM: Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) PSTN ISDN TCH/F (9.6 kbit/s) channel coding on air interface HLR A bis - Interface: 16 kbit channel BTS E1 MSC VLR T R A U GMSC BSC Um Interface A-Interface: 1 circuit max 64 kbit/s POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  8. GSM: System Architecture – Network elements AC SMP PSTN HLR VLR EIR SCP ISDN BTS BSC Datanetworks PLMN CBS ABC VMS OAS SMS Base station subsystem BBS Switching subsystem SSS IN Other networks MSC/ SSP Operation + maintenance subsystem OMS Mobile Station Value added services ABC Administration and Billing Center AC Authentication Center BSC Base Station Controller BTS Base Tranceiver Station CBS Cell Broadcast Service EIR Equipment Identification Register HLR Home Location Register MSC Mobile Services Switching Center OAS Operator Assistance Service SCP Service Control Point SMP Service Management Point SMS Short Message Service SSP Service Switching Point VLR Visitor Location Register VMS Voice Mail Service POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  9. Wireless Application Protocol LAN MAP USSD USSD Server EDSS1 RAS (HS)CSD MSC BSC MAP PCU SMSC SMS BSS WAP Gateway G G SGSN GGSN i n GPRS WAP is Applicable to Many Different Wireless Bearers HLR MSC USSD Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (HS) CSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data SMS Short Message Service GPRS General Packet Radio Service RAS Remote Access Server SMSC Short Message Service Center EDSS1 Enhanced Digital Subscriber Signaling No 1 POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  10. General Packet Radio Service Supported Interface according to ETSI/GSM under different releases VLR HLR Gc Gs Gr GSN BSS SGSN GGSN PDN Gb Gi Gn Gp Gd SMS- GMSC GGSN Ext. PLMN = Interface POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  11. What is GPRS? • General Packet Radio Service is a: • Packet Switched Data Service for High Speed Mobile Data Services • Ideal for ‘bursty’ data applications such as Internet access & PULL/PUSH technologies • offers speed initially upto 94 Kbit/s (7xCS 2) and later 170 Kbit/s (8xCS 4) • dynamic resource sharing - requires band-width and network resources • only when data being transmitted, allowing efficient usage of radio resources • upto 128 GPRS channels supported per BSC increasing to • 750 GPRS channels in later versions POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  12. 2.5 G is the in-between system of 2G and 3G Higher Bandwidth systems: Enabling Multi media services up to 384 Kbps. • 1.Enhanced Data rates for the GSM Evolution – EDGE • Code Division Multiple Access - CDMA 2000-1x DO • IMPS Japanese Standard POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  13. Enhanced Data rates for the GSM Evolution What is EDGE? EDGE (included in GSM Release `99) is a modification of the GSM radio interface. A new modulation method is used to realize higher data rates than possible with GSM/GPRS. EDGE supports two different transmission modes: ·EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS): supports from 22,8 to 48 kbit/s per physical channel (under good radio conditions, up to 69,2 kbit/s). By bundling up to 8 channels a theoretical maximum data rate of 384 kbit/s per transceiver could be achieved ·ECSD (Enhanced Circuit Switched Data): 28,8 or 32 kbit/s per physical channel. By bundling up to 2 timeslots a theoretical maximum data rate of 64 kbit/s can be reached. EDGE is thought to be standardized for GSM and other wireless systems like D-AMPS. POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  14. The EDGE Solution. HLR/GR PSTN ISDN Internet Intranet New Abis I/F PSPDN BTS extension by new CU & SW Impact of EDGE on Existing GSM Network Infrastructure Gateway MSC Visited MSC/VLR BTS* B S C EP C U packet switched: GPRS Siemens Mobile DTE Serving GSN Gateway GSN EPCU Integration into BSC BSS - Base Station System GSN - GPRS Support Node HLR - Home Location Register VLR - Visitor Location Register * The BTS Plus generation is necesseary POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  15. Services Covered with GPRS, EDGE and UMTS • EDGE covers almost the same data services as UMTS UMTS Video conferencing EDGE Video telephony Teleshopping Provided service Electronic newspaper Images/sound files TelebankingFinancial services GPRS Database access Information services E-mail Voice 10 kbps 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  16. 3G Technology Goals IMT-2000 • Multi-environment operation. • Vehicular • Pedestrian and outdoor to indoor • Indoor Office • Satellite • Support for packet data and circuit-switched data. • Multi Media services support. • Data rates: • 144 kbps in vehicular • 384 kbps in pedestrian • 2 Mbps in indoor office environment • IMT-2000 spectrum (allocated at WARC) • Global system for wireless communications. POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  17. Data Throughput. 2 Mbps 2G versus 3G Technology 390 kbps 380 kbps 170 kbps 115 kbps 9,6 kbps UMTS (FDD) UMTS (TDD) GPRS EDGE GSM HSCSD POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  18. Network evolution strategies depend on themarket situation. Examples for network evolution strategies: IP GPRS HSCSD EDGE GSM UMTS POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  19. Scenarios to Deploy EDGE (3) EDGE* (E2001) (2) GPRS*, (HSCSD)(E1999) GSM(Today) (1) (1) UMTS*(E2002) • Filling the gap between GPRS and UMTS (1) as an in between system. • Use of UMTS in urban areas and hot spots; and Use of EDGE for rural environments and wide-area coverage. This allows fast deployment of high data rate mobile networks in a cost efficient way (2) • Using EDGE as “3rd Generation” (3) * Commercial Version POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  20. W-CDMA and A T M POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  21. IMT 2000: Worldwide frequency plans 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2010 MHz IMT 2000 IMT 2000 ITU allocations 2025 MHz 2170 MHz 1885 MHz 2110 MHz GSM 1800 DECT UMTS MSS UMTS MSS Europe 1880 MHz 1980 MHz PHS IMT 2000 MSS IMT 2000 MSS Japan 1895 1918 MHz PCS MSS Reserved MSS USA A D B E F C A D B E F C 2160 MHz 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 MSS: Mobile Satellite System POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  22. TD-CDMA UNPAIRED SPECTRUM Uplink () Up-or Downlink() () Downlink() Asymmetry 14:1....2:13 max 16 Frequency Code 5 MHz Time 0 0 ms 10 ms MHz (+1900+n*5 MHz) n=0..3 667µs 14 : 1 2 : 13 POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  23. W-CDMA PAIRED SPECTRUM max 256 Frequency 5 MHz Uplink Code cont. MHz (+1920+n*5 MHz, n=0..11) Time 0 0 ms 10 ms max 256 Frequency 5 MHz Downlink Code MHz (+2110+n*5 MHz, n=0..11) cont. Time 0 0 ms 10 ms POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  24. Characteristics of the FDD- and TDD Components FDD- Component TDD- Component Multiplex technology W-CDMA TD-CDMA Bandwidth 5 MHz 5 MHz Frequency Re-use 1 1 Handover soft , softer (Interfreq.: hard) hard Modulation QPSK QPSK Receiver Rake Joint Detection Chip Rate 3.84Mcps 3.84 Mcps max. Datarate (ETSI) 384kbps (high mob.) 2 Mbps (low mob.) Spreading Factor 4 - 256 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 Power Control*) fast: every 667µs1) slow: 1 - 800 cycles/s2) Frame organisation 0.667/ 10/ 720 ms 0.667/ 10/ 720 ms *) Range: 80dB (UL); 30dB (DL) in steps of 1) 0.25 to 1.5dB 2) 1.5 to 3 dB POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  25. TDD complement FDD FDD is more efficient for a coverage driven roll-out. TDD is more efficient in small cells with asymmetric traffic and high data rates. TDD mode complements FDD mode and is integral part of some company‘s UTRA Product Strategy. POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  26. UMTS integrates currently separated networks and offers seamless services UMTS Introduction Environments Suited for Each Transmission Mode Especially suitable for • public macro and micro cell environments • symmetrical access • up to 384 kb/swith high mobility (vehicular) Zone 4: Global UTRA FDD Zone 3: Suburban Urban In building Especially suitable for • public micro and pico cell environments • public WLL • unlicensed cordless • asymmetrical access • up to 2 Mb/swith low mobility (pedestrian) World cell Macro cell Micro cell Pico cell UTRA TDD POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  27. UMTSEuropean spectrum allocation for UTRA 1850 2100 2150 2200 2250 1900 1950 2000 2050 MHz 60 30 15 20 60 30 15 GSM 1800 DECT UMTS satellite 2 * 60 MHz for paired UTRA 20 (35) MHz for unpaired UTRA  Flexible assignment of air interface technologies should be possible.  Sufficient spectrum for 4 - 5 Operators. POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  28. Access to IP-Networks and Applications PLMN HLR VPN Server for PLMN provided Services GSN BSS ISP PSTN Internet Server for ISP provided Services ISP Internet Service Provider PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network VPN Virtual Privat Network POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  29. E-Virtual Private Network POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  30. Multi-media in CS and PS domains POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  31. Product overview Topology 3G MSC GSM UMTS SCP HLR Location services Mexe WAP BTS BSC MSC BTS BSC SGSN Gateway MSC ISDN/PSTN TDD over 2G GSM BSC BTS TDD BSC BTS TDD Internet/Intranet GGSN TDD U-MSC FDD 3G MSC Node B RNC TDD/FDD over 3G MSC/GSN integrated/ separated IP/ATM FR network 3G GSN POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  32. IP-based RAN Solution: Server-based solution. IN + Applications PSTN/ ISDN i iHLR PLMN Global IPNetwork • Single backbone technology from the core to the Node B • Reduced O&M costs • Reduced Planning effort iMCS RNC Server Farm WirelessAccess MGW NodeB IP (over ATM) Network NodeB CRouter MSCS MSC Server MGC Media Gateway Controller iMCS CSCF, MGC, S-GW HSS Home Subscription Server SGW Signaling GW MGW Media Gateway Crouter Cellular Router IETF micro mobility management (Cellular IP) POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  33. 3G Network Vision PBX AAA Network and Service Management LNP GK SCP IN 3rd party Applications VLR HLR Mobility IP + ATM Core RAS Global IP Network Core Edge Multi Service Edge Voice Enabled DSLAM SS7 Switch Switch Switch PSTN/ISDN Any vendor’s End Office Media Gateway Multiservice Access Network Access GSM/ UMTS POTS/ISDN POTS/ISDN CPE IAD DSLAM xDSL Mobile/Notebook SME SO/HO Enterprise HQ Voice Switch Controller POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  34. Multi-media in CS and PS domains POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  35. Why 4G now ?? • 3G roll out was focused as an extension of GSM philosophy. • Experience many hurdles in practical integration with PSPDN and IP • Wireless portion of 3G Network becomes smaller and smaller compared • to wireless portion as the data rates need becomes higher and higher. • Cost for making Higher data rates available anywhere and everywhere • are exorbitantly expensive. • Same facility with better quality could be delivered with wired network. • Only part of the objectives could be realized in practice. It is now propagated that 4G as the next Generation will take care of these issues. POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  36. Next Generation Networks – beyond 3G • Bandwidth on demand - Higher Band width up to for Multi media services - 2 Mbps and higher data rates for: 1. Integrated Fixed & Wireless Services & IP services 2. Voice over IP 3. Wireless in local loop, WiFi, Wireless LAN, Blue Tooth 4. Convergence of Voice, Data, Video over Internet Protocol 5. Virtual Private Network POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  37. CDMA Evolution POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  38. CDMA 3G –4G Evolution POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  39. Integrated Broadband Access Solution Public Data Networks Voice Networks Corporate Networks ISPs INTERNET Consumer/ Residential DSLAM NT NT xDSL IAD ATMbackbone E1/T1/IMA E3/T3/STM-1/OC-3 SoHo/RoBo 36140 IAD xDSL Small to Medium Enterprises IAD 4700 E1/T1/IMA E3/T3/STM-1/OC-3 Large Enterprises E1/T1/IMA E3/T3/STM-1/OC-3 POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  40. Voice over IP POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  41. Service Logic and Transport Split between ”Service Logic” and ”Transport” POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  42. Seamless Services across IP-based Networks AAA GK Service plane HLR Signalling GW & Call feature Server 3rd party Applications IN Server Mobility Server SCP VLR POTS/ISDN IP/ATM Network xDSL Wireless Optical POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  43. Future Networks NGN : New Generation Networks - Internet on air - : Signaling GW & Intelligent/ Application Servers Call feature Server Multiple radio IP Network standards Legacy Networks MMS - - POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

  44. GSM and CDMA use directional transmission and thereby limitations in territorial coverage. With Wi-Fi and Wi-Max universal coverage as in Radio and Television is possible. Many of the future networks will be a blend of Wi-Fi and Wi-Max with high capacity optical fiber links for mass transmission of digital media communication. Wi-Fi and Wi-Max POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul.

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