Presented to the Center for Advanced Power Systems “Future R&D Needs” by Michael Ingram, P.E.,

1. Design, Planning, Operation, Visualization and ControlResearch, Development and Demonstration needs Presented to the Center for Advanced Power Systems “Future R&D Needs” by Michael Ingram, P.E., Senior Manager, Transmission Technologies January 26, 2006

2. Outline • Data • everywhere, and not a drop to drink • must convert data to information to action • Reactive power • were it not for imaginary power, I’d have no power at all • AC systems require reactive power to support voltage

3. Original Substation HMI Concept“Mimic Bus Control Panel”

4. Technology Roadmap Area: Cost Reduction Vision—a completely network-integrated substation, with intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) throughout. 61850 — Bradley Project • Main Benefit—new practice saves construction, operational, and maintenance expense, while gaining advanced capabilities previously inaccessible.

5. IEC61850…the Approach • Ethernet links versus hard-wire connections • Standard network gear • Common: • Protocol • Format and Context • Addressing • Naming Conventions • Configuration Language • Network access to substation data

6. Phasor Measurement Unit Technology • High resolution, • time synchronized data • Benefits and Values • Improve wide area visibility • Improve existing asset utilization–dynamic system • Improve state estimation

7. EMP2.3+ PMU Data Processing Measurements TVA-Super PDC Time point Tables for all PMU Processed data Monitoring Applications Input • 30 samples/second PMU Case #1 Case #2 Case #3 Case #4 …… …. “5” minutes PMU ENTIRE Savecase PMU Data Converter SCADA TVA/ENTERGY’s Real-Time State Estimator Time “T” RTNET Savecase Study State Estimator Real-time State Estimator • TVA-ICCP (60 s) • ENTERGY~2-4 secs GRID (XLS) SE Statistics State Estimation-PMU Data exchange-Phase 1 (offline)

8. PMU-SE Project Objectives • Phase 1: Benefits using PMU measurements in the State Estimator Partners: Entergy, TVA, AREVA • Off-line case studies with captured real-time data from TVA and ENTERGY control centers • Use captured real-time PMU data synchronized with SCADA • Demonstrate results • Phase 2: Online EMS SE Demonstration Partners: AREVA, TVA, Entergy, PG&E, and Manitoba Hydro with expressed interest from Idaho Power, WECC, First Energy, and BPA • Automate transfer of PMU/PDC data to EMS • Selection of PMU data relevant to current SCADA data for SE • Test online TVA State Estimator using PMU measurements from TVA’s Super Phasor Data Concentrator • Assess and quantify benefits using online performance metrics • Implement & demonstrate at TVA control center, on a parallel (non-operational), online SE which uses PMU data

9. just the FACTS Controller Technologies — Comparative Scales Cost Breakdown Functional Review

10. A Distributed Intelligent Power Infrastructure The distributed approach to implementation of complex networks and systems has transformed entire industry sectors concept

11. Main transformer Line Current Current feedback Power supply V Filter CommunicationModule PWMInverter Controls DC Capacitor Smart Wires — Distributed FACTS Distributed Static Series Compensator (DSSC) Modules • Clip onto existing conductors and inject positive or negative impedance to ‘push’ or ‘pull’ current on the line

12. IGBT ETO IGCT Emitter Turn-off (ETO) Thyristor = +

13. ETO Characteristics and Advantages

14. plus … Energy Storage

15. Insulation Conduction Switching Transformation Blocking & Tackling

16. SF6 — Gas Insulation

17. HTS Matrix Fault Current Limiter

18. Enhanced Pinning in HTS Thick Films Cross-section TEM of YBCO/RABiTS Plan view TEM of YBCO/RABiTS 20 nm ORNL has showed that by incorporation of self-assembled nanodots and nanorods of BaZrO3 (BZO), the pinning in 0.2 mm YBCO films could be substantially enhanced. OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY