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Case report

Case report. 11/23 報告學生:周少鼎 指導老師:彭惠鈺. 1. 基本資料. Name : 徐 O 宏 Age : 21y/o Sex: Male Family History: his mother has type 2 DM,his mother's brother and sisters also has DM. Occupation: 便利商店員工 , 日夜較顛倒 Admission date: 2012/8/13. 2. Chief Complaint. Informant:the pateint

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Case report

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  1. Case report 11/23 報告學生:周少鼎 指導老師:彭惠鈺 1

  2. 基本資料 Name:徐O宏 Age:21y/oSex:Male Family History: his mother has type 2 DM,his mother's brother and sisters also has DM. Occupation: 便利商店員工, 日夜較顛倒 Admission date: 2012/8/13 2

  3. Chief Complaint Informant:the pateint • General weakness, nausea for three days 3

  4. Patient history • As he stated, he got thirsty easily for one month, and drank a lot of cold drink (due to oral ulcer recently), and got frequent urination (for every 20-30 mins). Nausea and vomiting was also noted. • Three days ago, he felt too weak to stand up. Poor oral intake in this two weeks. He denied dyspnea, abdominal pain or diarrhea. Therefore he came to our ER for help 4

  5. Patient history • In ER, his stat glucose > 500 mg/dL, and rechecked sugar revealed 1335 mg/dL, HbA1C is 16.9%, blood gas revealed pH 7.332,blood ketone 7.1 mmol/L. • Admission Diagnosis: Newly diagnosed DM with diabetic ketoacidosis 5

  6. 營養照護 6 6

  7. 2012/8/17-照會營養師 • This 20-year-old boy was admitted due to newly diagnosed DM with DKA. • We need your expertise to suggest him how to adjust his diet to control his diabetic and weight. 7

  8. Subjective • 病人敘述平日飲食習慣: a.早餐: 蛋餅+蘿蔔糕1片+薯餅1片+ 煎餃4個+小熱狗2個 +350cc奶茶/紅茶 b.午、晚餐: 外面買的便當,主食選擇炸雞排居多,約一個手掌 大,另外三樣配菜選擇不一定,飯約平常飯碗一碗 半 c.平常以外食的型態為主,無吃水果習慣 8

  9. Subjective • 因為在便利商店打工的關係,店長常常請喝飲料或店內食品 • 平日生活型態日夜顛倒,無運動習慣 • 對於醫院的飲食口味與份量都能接受 • 很積極的詢問關於糖尿病的問題=>糖尿病會造成什麼併發症?得了糖尿病是不是就不能吃糖?這次是不是因為我這陣子喝太多飲料才會得糖尿病? 9

  10. Objective • Ht:185cm, BW: 132 kg (IBW: 75.2 kg) →BMI: 38.6kg/m2 →調整體重:89.4kg • Diet order: 糖尿病飲食2100kcal • Estimated energy need:2182kcal 2682kcal(調整體重*30)-500(計畫減重) • Estimated energy intake(in hospital):2100kcal • Estimated energy intake(住院前):2865kcal 10

  11. Objective • 病人入院前飲食食物份量估計 精緻糖類:35g=>140kcal 總熱量估計:2865kcal 11

  12. Objective • Lab data 12

  13. Objective • Medicine • Insulin RegularSC 12U TIDAC • Insulin Isophane Suspension SC 15UHS 13

  14. Objective • Blood sugar 14

  15. Assessment • 體位評估:重度肥胖 • 熱量攝取過多 • 精緻糖攝取量過多 • 營養知識缺乏 15

  16. Plan • 糖尿病飲食衛教: 糖尿病2100kcal飲食衛教 含醣類食物介紹(主食類、水果類、奶類) 定時定量重要性 食物代換概念 • 建議出院後自我血糖監測,測三餐的飯前飯後一星期至少3天 • 減少精緻糖類攝取,飲料以無糖的茶來替代 16

  17. Plan • Meal plan 17

  18. 2012/8/20-訪視- Subjective • 遇到同學來訪,詢問得知病患在學校除了偶爾打桌球外顯少運動 • 個案表示昨天所教的飲食原則與食物代換理解情形良好 • 個案表示對於這次會下定決心改善之前亂吃的情況,不過對於減肥感到麻煩,尤其是運動,寧願以節食方式減肥 • 在8/19有發燒以及冷顫的情形 18

  19. Objective • BW: 139 kg • Diet order:糖尿病飲食2100kcal/day • Estimated energy intake:2100kcal • Admission Diagnosis:bacteremia 19

  20. Objective • Medicine • Insulin regular SC 28U TIDAC • Insulin Isophane Suspension SC 28U HS • TAZOCIN 2000 mg/vial 1.5 vial IFSTAT • Augmentin IV 500mg/vial 2 vial IF Q8H 20

  21. Objective • Blood sugar 21

  22. Assessment • 減重意願動機低 • 對於運動的意願低 • 營養知識尚可 22

  23. Plan • 鼓勵藉由同學的影響多增加運動量與減重動機 • 同理與分享,使心態改變與建立動機 23

  24. 2012/8/24-訪視- Subjective • 醫院飲食菜色變化不大,所以轉為自備飲食 • 自述飲食記錄: a.早餐:番茄吉士蛋堡 b.午、晚餐:自助餐,飯1碗、配菜3樣以青菜為主,主菜選擇滷雞腿或滷排骨 c.下午有吃1顆蘋果(小)當點心,晚上有吃一包蘇打餅乾當消夜 24

  25. Subjective • 表示對於較甜的水果(Ex:橘子)是否可以吃提出了疑問 • 個案的媽媽也在場,表示因為工作的關係比較少開伙,並且家裡的飲食習慣口味較清淡,蔬菜吃的比例比較高,並且整體份量偏多 • 個案母親(10年以上病史)表示上次聽到飲食衛教已經是很久以前的事情了 25

  26. Objective • 病人飲食之食物份量估計 • 熱量約1950kcal 26

  27. Objective • Medicine • Insulin regular SC 30U TIDAC • Insulin Suspension SC 30U HS • Bacteremia有所改善 27

  28. Objective • Blood sugar 28

  29. Assessment • 油脂攝取過多 • 水果類攝取不足 29

  30. Plan • 建議增加2份水果攝取 • 外食選擇技巧教導 • 教導如何飲食記錄 30

  31. 8/30 病人出院 • blood sugar(出院前) 31

  32. 2012/9/5-病人回診 Subjective • 這幾天因為飲食時間比較不固定,有出現低血糖的情況 • 平日飲食習慣上有所改變,開始注意食物的熱量與份數 • 這幾天有跟朋友聚會,外食比較多,吃了比較多高熱量食物(Ex:披薩、炸雞) • 平日飲食血糖約150上下,除了外食的那幾天200上下 • 表示願意嘗試減重 32

  33. 2012/9/5-病人回診 Objective 33

  34. 2012/9/5-病人回診 Objective • 出院藥物: Glibudon 1tab TIDPC Glurenorm 1tab TIDAC Januvia 0.5tab HS • BW:140kg 34

  35. 2012/9/5-病人回診 Assessment • 飲食時間與份量不固定 Plan • 低血糖處理衛教 • 建議飲食定時定量 • 設立減重目標=>2個月後下降4kg(至135kg) • 維持2100kcal飲食 35

  36. 2012/11/5-病人追蹤 Subjective • 辭去了便利商店的工作,飲食與作息變得比較正常 • 病人覺得自己飲食選擇上更加謹慎,選擇前會思考熱量與糖分 • 因為惰性,最近比較少測血糖 • 戒掉了喝含糖飲料的習慣,會選擇無糖的綠茶 • 會刻意節食(空餐)來加速減重,身旁的朋友都有覺得變瘦了 36

  37. 2012/11/5-病人追蹤 Subjective • 在家自己開伙的機會變得比較多,如果再家吃 a. 早餐會吃燕麥9~10湯匙配一個馬克杯的全脂 牛奶 b. 午晚餐會吃1碗飯,準備2~3樣青菜(燙或炒或 沙拉不一定),總量約2碗,搭配一個手掌大 的滷排骨或棒棒腿 c. 下午偶爾會吃些水果(1顆蘋果或1~2顆奇異果) 37

  38. 2012/11/5-病人追蹤 • Objective-飲食之食物份量估計 • 總熱量估計:1700kcal 38

  39. 2012/11/5-病人追蹤 Objective • BW:135 Assessment • 減重成效達到目標(140kg=>135kg,下降5kg) Plan • 矯正錯誤減重觀念 • 說明運動對減重的重要性 • 目標維持2kg/月,兩個月後下降至131kg • 鼓勵維持積極減重 • 建議肚子餓時食用低熱量食物 39

  40. 統整 40

  41. Thank you very much for listening! 41

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