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Illustration of bootstrapping in the FFSF

Illustration of bootstrapping in the FFSF. Daniel Messinger, Marygrace Yale Kaiser, Alan Cobo-Lewis, & Peter Mundy Supported by NICHD 38336 & 41619 & The Positive Psychology Foundation. B1. B2. GAZE. SMILE. Unit of association = Patterns of actions (e.g., B1 & B2).

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Illustration of bootstrapping in the FFSF

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  1. Illustration of bootstrapping in the FFSF Daniel Messinger, Marygrace Yale Kaiser, Alan Cobo-Lewis, & Peter Mundy Supported by NICHD 38336 & 41619 & The Positive Psychology Foundation

  2. B1 B2 GAZE SMILE Unit of association = Patterns of actions (e.g., B1 & B2) Events as unit of analysis Overlapping behaviors create an expressive signal dependent on how they are patterned in time Beyond duration of co-occurrence

  3. Generic Observed Patterns • A BEFORE B. E.g., Smile before Gaze • A smile which begins before and ends within a gaze at parent’s face. • A IN B. E.g., Smile in Gaze • A smile which begins and ends within a gaze at parent’s face. • B BEFORE A. E.g., Gaze before Smile • A gaze at parent which begins before and ends within a smile. • B IN A. E.g., Gaze in Smile • A gaze at parent’s face which begins and ends within a smile.

  4. Time SM SM SM SM Smiles No Smiles Gazes Away Gazes at Mom Simulation Procedure Take Observed Pattern Expressions Smile in Gaze Gazes Separate into Observed Behaviors

  5. Time SM SM SM SM Use observed behaviors to create simulated sequences Observed Behaviors Gazes Away Gazes at Mom No Smiles Smiles To Create Simulated Pattern Smile Gaze

  6. Smile Subtract Time SM SM SM SM Smile Simulated Random Pattern Gaze Simulation indicates patterns not due to chance Observed Pattern Smile in Gaze! Gaze Repeat 2000 times. Z = (Observed – Simulated)/SDS

  7. Facial Expression --?-- Vocalization Gaze Study 1: Early infant communication • Facial expressions (smiles & frowns) • Vocalizations (non-reflexive vocalizations) • Gaze direction (gazing at parent’s face & other) • 40 infants at 3- & 6-months of age in modified face-to-face/still-face • Yale, Messinger, Cobo-Lewis, et al. (1999; in press, Developmental Psychology) • 12 & 40 infants at 3- & 6-months of age in modified face-to-face/still-face

  8. Facial expression & vocalization Facial Expression • Facial expressions encompass vocalizations in a pattern that does not change with age or expression - replicated Vocalization

  9. Facial expressions and gaze • Facial expressions – especially smiles - begin during gazes at parent’s face • Stronger with age & smile Facial Expression Gaze

  10. --?-- Vocalization Gaze Vocalization & Gaze • Vocalizations and gazes at parent were not coordinated in time

  11. Centrality of facial expressions • Facial expressions - both smiles and frowns - begin during gazes at parent’s face • Facial expressions encompass vocalizations • Vocalizations and gazes at parent were not coordinated in time

  12. Facial Expression --?-- Vocalization Gaze Dynamic formation of patterns • Communicative package is not pre-formed, but emerges through two links • Gaze at parent’s face sets the stage: • for a facial expression • into which a vocalization is likely to be inserted Communicative signal dynamically assembles in real-time

  13. Development of timing?Smile in gaze  Smile after gaze

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