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Stars and Galaxies

Stars and Galaxies. Birth of a Star Lifespan of a Star Galaxies. EVOLUTION of STARS. Star is Born. Nebula Large amount of gas & dust spread out in an immense volume Gravity - Pulls some of the gas and dust together Protostar Earliest stages of a stars life

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Stars and Galaxies

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  1. Stars and Galaxies Birth of a Star Lifespan of a Star Galaxies

  2. EVOLUTION of STARS

  3. Star is Born • Nebula • Large amount of gas & dust spread out in an immense volume • Gravity - Pulls some of the gas and dust together • Protostar • Earliest stages of a stars life • Contracting gas & dust become so hot that nuclear fusion starts (atoms hydrogen  helium)

  4. Life of a Star • Depends on MASS • MORE = shorter lifespan • LESS = longer lifespan • Bigger stars burn gas quickly (may only live 10 million yrs) • Smaller stars burn gas slowly(up to 200 billion yrs) • SUN • Medium size star – lifespan of  10 billion years • Approximately 5 billion years into lifespan

  5. Death of a Star • Star begins to run out of fuel • Center of star shrinks • Outer part expands  becoming a RED GIANT or SUPERGIANT • OUT OF FUEL!!! • White dwarf • Neutron star • Black hole

  6. Death of a Star • Depends on MASS • Small or Medium Stars become White Dwarfs • Giant or Supergiant CAN become a supernova • Some material expands into space – may become a nebula • Material left behind becomes a Neutron Star • The MOST MASSIVE stars become Black Holes • Have more than 40 times the mass of our sun • After the supernova – incredible amounts of mass are packed into a sphere 30 km in diameter • Gravity is so strong nothing can escape

  7. LIFE CYCLE OF STARS SMALLER STARS

  8. Life of a Small/Medium Star • Nebula – swirling cloud of gas • Protostar – dust and gas clump into tight ball • Star is born - Yellow star • Red Giant – reaches middle age, swells and cools • White Dwarf – red giant grows old and shrinks, becomes a cold, heavy ball (Earth size) • Black Dwarf – it is likea burnt-out ball of ash

  9. LIFE CYCLE OF STARS LARGER STARS

  10. Life of a Large Star • Nebula – swirling cloud of gas • Protostar – dust and gas clump into tight ball • Star is born - Blue star(≈10x mass of our Sun) • Supergiant – reaches middle age, swells and cools • Supernova – toward the end of its life, explodes in a blaze of light • Neutron Star – the small, incredibly heavy, center of the cloud of dust and gas left behind • Black Hole – gravity is so strong nothing escapes, not even light

  11. STAR SEQUENCE - practice D C E B F A G

  12. Dying Star Hubble Space Telescope -The glowing remains of a dying star captured by the Hubble Space Telescope. The image shows the end-stage red giant star expelling its outer layers into space. • "Little Ghost nebula" • also known as planetary nebula NGC 6369 • between 2000 and 5000 light years from Earth • direction of the constellation Ophiuchus.

  13. TYPES OF GALAXIES

  14. TYPES OF GALAXIES • IRREGULAR • BARRED • SPIRAL • ELLIPTICAL

  15. Galaxies – How many? • 100 billion galaxies in the UNIVERSE • Each galaxy is made from billions of stars • The stars YOU see are in the MILKY WAY • All others you need a telescope! • Galaxies are grouped in clusters • In between – empty space • Milky Way, Magellanic Clouds, Andromeda Galaxy are in the same cluster (≈30 other galaxies)

  16. MILKY WAY

  17. Light Year Unit of distance Light Year (LY) = Distance light travels in one year. Speed of Light = 300 000 km/s 1 LY = ? Km 300 000 km/s X 60s/m X 60 m/hr X 24 hr/d X 365.25 d/y = 10 e12 km/y or 10 000 000 000 000 km ☼

  18. REVIEW: CAN YOU EXPLAIN / DESCRIBE: A nebula? The formation of a star – Nebula Theory? Galaxies including basic shapes? The Milky Way and our position within? Basic difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission reactions?

  19. REVIEW: CAN YOU EXPLAIN / DESCRIBE: Light year? Calculate how long light would take to reach a planet if given the distance? Basic difference between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission reactions?

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