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Mammals

Mammals. 4,629 species Phylum Chordata "back-boned animals" Four Distinct Features. Mammal Characteristics. Subphylum Vertebrata Vertebrates = true back-bone - Vertebral column or backbone, generally replaces notocord - Brain enclosed in cranial cavity (e.g., skull)

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Mammals

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  1. Mammals • 4,629 species • Phylum Chordata "back-boned animals" Four Distinct Features

  2. Mammal Characteristics • Subphylum Vertebrata Vertebrates = true back-bone - Vertebral column or backbone, generally replaces notocord - Brain enclosed in cranial cavity (e.g., skull) - Endoskeleton

  3. Mammal Characteristics • Class Mammalia • Subclass Prototheria • Subclass Theria

  4. Mammal Characteristics • Class Mammalia Distinguishing Features

  5. Mammal Characteristics *Exception to the Rule: • monotremes: 2) marsupials:

  6. Mammals in Michigan 9 Orders of Mammals in MI • Didelphimorphia • Insectivora • Chiroptera • Primates • Carnivora • Perissodactyla • Artiodactyla • Lagomorpha • Rodentia

  7. MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEW A. Monotremes (Order Montremata) e.g, echidnas & duck-billed platypus

  8. MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEW • B. Marsupials • 1. South American Marsupials • a. Order Didelphimorphia Virginia opossum Mouse opossum Wooly opossum

  9. MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEW • B. Marsupials • 2. Australian Marsupials • a. Order Dasyuromorphia Tasmanian devil

  10. MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEW • B. Marsupials • 2. Australian Marsupials • b. Order Peramelemorphia Rabbit-eared bandicoot

  11. MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEW • B. Marsupials • 2. Australian Marsupials • c. Order Diprotodontia…

  12. Koala Honey possum Feather-tail glider Eastern gray kangaroo

  13. C. Placental Mammals • Order Xenarthra (= Edentata) (anteaters, sloths, armadillos) Giant anteater Nine-banded armadillo

  14. C. Placental Mammals Streaked tenrec • Order Insectivora (shrews, moles, tenrecs) Short-tailed shrew Eastern mole

  15. C. Placental Mammals • Order Dermoptera (colugos)

  16. C. Placental Mammals • Order Chiroptera (bats) Mastiff bat

  17. C. Placental Mammals • Order Primates (lemurs, monkeys, apes, humans) Ring-tailed lemur Japanese macacques Orang-utan

  18. C. Placental Mammals • Order Carnivora (dogs, cats, weasels, bears, hyenas, mongooses, civets, pinnipeds)

  19. Gray wolf Cheetah California sea lion Grizzly bear

  20. C. Placental Mammals • Order Cetacea • (whales, dolphins) • toothed whales (odontocetes) Orca whale

  21. C. Placental Mammals • Order Cetacea • (whales, dolphins) • baleen whales (mysticetes) Blue whale

  22. C. Placental Mammals • Order Proboscidea (elephants) African elephant

  23. C. Placental Mammals • Order Perissodactyla Odd-toed ungulates (horses, rhinos, tapirs) Asiatic tapir

  24. C. Placental Mammals • Order Artiodactyla Even-toed ungulates (pigs, peccaries, hippos, camels, giraffes, deer, antelope, sheep, goats, cattle) Dromedary camel Caribou

  25. C. Placental Mammals • Order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, pikas) Rocky Mountain pika

  26. C. Placental Mammals • Order Rodentia (squirrels, gophers, kangaroo rats, voles, porcupines, capybara) N. pocket gopher Prairie vole Capybara

  27. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Hair/Fur/Pelage • key distinguishing feature Dreiartgruppen:

  28. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage Hair = body covering for: • insulation; 2) coloration

  29. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage 2) Coloration c) disruptive coloration - d) warning coloration • Pelage consists of stiff guard hairs and downy underfur

  30. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage • vibrissae: • - Majority of mammals (excluding humans) molt hair annually or bi-annually • hair follicle: • hair: nonliving; consists of dead epidermal cells; strengthened by keratin (a structural protein)

  31. Figure 2-2

  32. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage Structure of Hair 1) medulla: inner layer of cells; 2) cortex: middle layer of cells; 3) cuticular scales:

  33. Figure 2-3

  34. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands Mammary glands - milk production for young; key distinguishing feature • Consists of alveoli for milk secretion • alveoli: • Alveoli connect to milk ducts which open into nipples

  35. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands Endocrine Control: • Mammary gland development linked to • Milk production stimulated by secretions of prolactin & somatotropin (growth hormone) • Nursing provides the stimulus to the pituitary to continue prolactin production & lactation

  36. Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands • Endocrine Control: • Nursing also stimulates the release of oxytocin,

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