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Chapter 25 & 26 Notes, part II

Chapter 25 & 26 Notes, part II. Alkenes, Alkynes and Functional Groups. Alkenes. Up to now, we have only talked about carbons that are single bonded. They have been saturated —they have a hydrogen in every possible position.

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Chapter 25 & 26 Notes, part II

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  1. Chapter 25 & 26 Notes, part II Alkenes, Alkynes and Functional Groups

  2. Alkenes • Up to now, we have only talked about carbons that are single bonded. They have been saturated—they have a hydrogen in every possible position. • Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond in the carbon chain.

  3. Naming Alkenes • To name an alkene, count the number of carbons in the main chain and use the prefix, then end it in –ene. • If there is more than one spot where a double bond could occur, number it just like you would number a substituent.

  4. Alkynes • An alkyne is a hydrocarbon that contains at least one triple bond. • Both alkenes and alkynes are considered unsaturated, because more hydrogens could be added if the double or triple bonds were broken.

  5. Naming Alkynes • To name an alkyne, count the number of carbons in the main chain and use the prefix, then end it in –yne. • If there is more than one spot for a triple bond, number it just like you would number a substituent.

  6. Functional Groups • A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions is called a functional group. • We will look at the structure and name of several functional groups.

  7. Alcohols (R-OH) • The functional group –OH is called a hydroxyl group. A hydrocarbon with a hydroxyl group attached is an alcohol. • To name an alcohol, drop the –e ending from the parent alkane and add –ol. • If there is more than one spot where a hydroxyl group can go, number it just like a substituent.

  8. Carboxylic acids (R-COOH) • A carboxyl group is a carbon with an oxygen double bonded to it and an oxygen single bonded to it and single bonded to a hydrogen. • To name a carboxylic acid, take the –e off of the end of the parent alkane and add –oic acid.

  9. Amines (R-NH2) • Amines are an ammonia based organic compound. It consists of a carbon chain connected to an amine group. • Amines are closely related to amino acids—they are amines with a carboxyl group. • Amines are named by taking the parent alkane, drop the -e and adding the ending –amine.

  10. Other Functional Groups • Ethers R-O-R • O • Aldehydes R-C-H • O • Ketones R-C-R • O • Esters R-C-O-R

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