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1812 Overture. By Peter Tchaikovsky. Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon invades Russia in 1812 after fighting against several other European countries Russia adopts a scorched-earth policy. They retreat & burn Moscow
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1812 Overture By Peter Tchaikovsky
Napoleonic Wars • Napoleon invades Russia in 1812 after fighting against several other European countries • Russia adopts a scorched-earth policy. They retreat & burn Moscow • When Napoleon’s troops finally arrive, they find no supplies and are forced to retreat to France • Out of the 400-500,000 troops Napoleon used to invadeRussia, only around 40,000 made it back to Paris
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) • Showed early interest in music though he worked for the government before becoming a composer
Most famous works include ballets such as The Nutcracker & Swan Lake • Cause of death is still a mystery, though it was originally thought to be cholera
History of 1812 Overture (1880) • Written as a musical “history” of the events that occurred during Napoleon’s invasion of Russia • Written for the commemoration of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow(commissioned by Czar Alexander I to commemorate Napoleon’s defeat in 1812) • First played in 1882 • There are several different sections of music that represent different stages of the invasion & retreat
Opening Hymn: Russian Orthodox Patriarch asks people to pray
Ominous woodwinds, violin and brass : Russian people worry & army prepares for battle
“La Marseillaise” (French national anthem): French invasion begins
“At the gate, at Grandfather’s gate” (Russian folk song): Russian people gather to meet the French army
Battle theme, “La Marseillaise” & Russian folk song interwoven together: Battle between Russian and French
Strings: Battle begins to slow & no one is sure of the winner
"God Save the Tsar" (Russian National Anthem) & Opening Hymn with church bells: Signaling God saved Russia!
Stalin orders Cathedral to be destroyed in 1931. (Original took 20 years to build!)